Ansiedad y burnout en personal sanitario en tiempos de COVID-19 en México / Anxiety and burnout in health personnel in times of COVID-19 in Mexico

Resumen

Resumen

Introducción: se han incrementado de forma considerable los niveles de ansiedad y de trastornos mentales en la población general debido al COVID-19. El riesgo en el personal sanitario es mayor. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que estimen el impacto del COVID-19 en la salud mental del personal sanitario en México.

Objetivo: medir los niveles de burnout y ansiedad en personal sanitario, y comparar dichos niveles entre personal médico y de enfermería, y entre aquellos que están en área COVID-19 y los que no lo están, así como establecer la relación con el sexo y la edad.

Material y métodos: se capturó una muestra de 211 trabajadores sanitarios: 75 (35.5%) eran personal médico y 136 (64.5%) de enfermería. Se les aplicó vía internet el Inventario de Beck (BAI, por sus siglas en inglés: Beck Anxiety Inventory) y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI, por sus siglas en inglés), que evalúan ansiedad y burnout, respectivamente.

Resultados: el personal de enfermería mostró niveles superiores en el BAI respecto al personal médico, pero no se observaron diferencias en las escalas del MBI. El personal sanitario que trabajó en Área COVID-19 mostró niveles superiores de burnout y de ansiedad.

Conclusiones: debido a los elevados niveles de ansiedad y burnout hallados, consideramos que sería conveniente que se detectaran los casos de mayor riesgo para ser derivados a servicios en salud mental, y el resto podrían recibir intervenciones preventivas durante pandemias futuras.

Abstract

Background: The levels of anxiety and mental disorders have increased considerably in the general population due to COVID-19. The risk of health personnel is greater than that of the general population. However, there are no studies that estimate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of health personnel in Mexico.

Objective: To measure the levels of burnout and anxiety in health personnel, and to compare those levels between medical and nursing personnel, and from those in the COVID-19 Area and those who were not there, as well as to establish the relationship between sex and age.

Material and methods: A sample of 211 health workers was captured: 75 (35.5%) were from medical personnel, and 136 (64.5%) from the nursing staff. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which evaluated anxiety and burnout, respectively, were administered online (via internet).

Results: Nursing staff showed higher levels in the BAI compared to medical staff, but no differences were observed in the MBI scales. Health personnel who worked in the COVID-19 Area showed higher levels of burnout and anxiety.

Conclusions: Due to the high levels of anxiety and burnout we found out, we believe it would be convenient to detect the highest risk cases to be referred to mental health services, and the rest could receive preventive interventions that may be implemented during future pandemics.