Resumen
El propósito de este artículo es abordar la miocarditis de etiología viral en recién nacidos y nos enfocamos en un caso causado por el virus Coxsackie, con el objeto de facilitar en futuros casos un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento eficaz y así limitar la morbimortalidad considerablemente alta para estos pacientes. Presentamos el caso clínico de una recién nacida con miocarditis causada por virus Coxsackie, en la cual se emplearon herramientas diagnósticas como ecocardiograma, resonancia magnética cardiaca y análisis seriado de biomarcadores, lo que nos permitió mostrar la historia natural de la enfermedad y sus modificaciones con el manejo de manera ilustrativa en la línea de tiempo. Con base en una revisión de la literatura, identificamos 6 casos similares que se presentaron entre 1962 y 2022. En este análisis, evaluamos la presentación clínica, las pruebas diagnósticas, el tratamiento y el pronóstico, y comparamos los hallazgos de este caso con los reportados en la literatura. El objetivo es rescatar y destacar las mejores prácticas clínicas para el manejo efectivo de esta patología. Abordamos, además, la importancia de un diagnóstico temprano y su impacto en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Concluimos que la miocarditis viral en neonatos, aunque poco común, puede tener una alta tasa de mortalidad y que un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento adecuado son fundamentales para mejorar el pronóstico.
Abstract
This article aims to elucidate viral myocarditis in neonates, focusing on a case involving Coxsackie virus, in order to enhance early detection and treatment, and, therefore, mitigating the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Our study details the clinical course of a female newborn with Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis, who underwent diagnostic modalities such as echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, and serial biomarker analysis, all of which allowed us to outline the disease's natural progression and its response to intervention over time. Based on a literature review we identified 6 similar cases, spanning from 1962 to 2022. In this analysis we assessed clinical presentation, diagnostic methodologies, treatment strategies, and prognostic outcomes, drawing comparisons between our case and reported instances. The objective is to highlight optimal clinical practices for managing this pathology effectively. Furthermore, we approach the pivotal role of early diagnosis and its impact on disease prognosis. We emphasize that, though rare, viral myocarditis in neonates can lead to a high rate of mortality, which is why a prompt diagnosis and an appropriate intervention are imperative to improve the outcome.
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