Resumen
Introducción: las fracturas de cadera afectan la calidad de vida y pueden causar dependencia física, en especial en adultos mayores.
Objetivo: determinar si el tratamiento quirúrgico y otros factores están asociados a dependencia para realizar actividades de la vida diaria en pacientes ancianos con fractura de cadera.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico llevado a cabo en un hospital general de zona de enero 2019 a diciembre 2021. Fueron incluidos pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por fractura de cadera. Después de 6 meses de la cirugía, se aplicaron los cuestionarios: Índice de Barthel y EQ-5D. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron medidas sumarias y de asociación.
Resultados: se incluyeron 126 pacientes con promedio de edad de 78 ± 9 años. Los pacientes con fracturas subcapitales y basicervicales tratados con hemiartroplastía presentaron mayor dependencia comparados con los pacientes tratados con artroplastia total de cadera, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Se demostró que a mayor edad se tiene una mayor dependencia (p < 0.001), así como una estancia hospitalaria prolongada (p = 0.018). La cardiopatía fue la comorbilidad que presentó asociación con una mayor dependencia (p = 0.006).
Conclusión: el tipo de cirugía se presentó como un factor asociado a dependencia en los pacientes con fracturas subcapitales y basicervicales tratados con hemiartroplastía. El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria y la presencia de cardiopatía también se asociaron a dependencia física.
Abstract
Background: Hip fractures impact the quality of life and can lead to physical dependency, particularly in older adults.
Objective: To determine whether surgical treatment and other factors are associated with dependency in performing activities of daily living in elderly patients with hip fractures.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at a regional general hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Surgically treated patients with hip fractures were included. Follow-up was conducted for 6 months after surgery, and the Barthel Index and EQ-5D questionnaires were administered. Summary statistics and association measures were used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 126 patients with an average age of 78 ± 9 years were included. Patients with subcapital and basicervical fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty showed greater dependency compared to those treated with total hip arthroplasty with statistically significant differences. It was demonstrated that the greater the age the greater the dependency (p < 0.001), as well as prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.018). Cardiac disease was the comorbidity associated with increased dependency (p = 0.006).
Conclusion: The type of surgery emerged as a factor associated with dependency in patients with subcapital and basicervical fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty. The length of hospital stay and the presence of cardiac disease were also associated with physical dependency.
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