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Hipertermia en cáncer de colon: terapia fototérmica con nanocorazas de oro / Hyperthermia on colorectal cancer: gold nanoshells-mediated photothermal therapy

Sarah Eliuth Ochoa-Hugo, Yanet Karina Gutiérrez-Mercado, Alejandro Arturo Canales-Aguirre, Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez

Resumen


Resumen

El cáncer de colon es una de las neoplasias malignas más comunes en el mundo, caracterizada por un crecimiento descontrolado de las células de la mucosa del colon, cuyo tratamiento depende de las características propias del tumor tales como su localización, tamaño, extensión de metástasis y el estado de salud del paciente. La nanomedicina se muestra como una nueva estrategia para superar las limitaciones de las terapias actuales ya que debido al tamaño nanométrico de los materiales empleados, estos pueden ignorar los mecanismos asociados a la resistencia multifármaco. Las nanocorazas de oro poseen la capacidad de absorber luz infrarroja cercana y convertirla en energía térmica para producir hipertermia en tumores in vivo. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante la metodología de hipertermia asistida por nanopartículas, la cual consiste en realizar irradiación a las nanopartículas con una fuente de energía externa que produzca calor entre los 39-45 °C, lo que genera un calentamiento controlado, dirigido y específico contra el tumor sin dañar el tejido sano circundante. En comparación con otros nanomateriales, las nanocorazas de oro presentan alta biocompatibilidad y baja citotoxicidad. Por lo que, la terapia en combinación con quimioterapéuticos más hipertermia sobre nanocorazas de oro, se presenta como un enfoque novedoso y prometedor para el tratamiento del cáncer de colon.

 

Abstract

Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the world, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth on the colon mucosa. Treatment approaches depend primarily on the characteristics of the tumor´s localization, size, metastasis, and the health status of the patient. Nanomedicine shows itself as a novelty strategy to overcome the limitations of the therapies used in the clinic due to the disregard of the mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance because of the nanometric size of the particles utilized. Gold nanoshells are spheric structures of an approximate size of 30 nm, coated with an ultrathin gold layer that can absorb near-infrared light and convert it to thermal energy to produce hyperthermia on in vivo models of cancer tumors. Nanoparticles-assisted hyperthermia consists of control, direct, and specific heating against the tumor cells by nanoparticle irradiation with an external power source capable of increasing temperature to 39°C - 45°C without damaging surrounding healthy tissue. Compared with other nanomaterials, gold nanoshells show high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, which is why adjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia on gold nanoshells is a novel and promising approach for the treatment of colorectal cancer.


Palabras clave


Neoplasias colorrectales; Nanopartículas; Hipertermia / Colorectal Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Hyperthermia

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.11397181

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