Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome de mano diabética es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus poco descrita en México. Contempla un amplio espectro de alteraciones nerviosas, tendinosas e infecciosas. La variante tropical de la enfermedad se describe como una infección necrotizante en la extremidad superior, generalmente secundaria a un traumatismo superficial. El tratamiento incluye control metabólico, antibióticos y diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Actualmente, las terapias complementarias incluyen el desbridamiento quirúrgico, la reconstrucción con colgajo, la terapia de presión negativa, el desbridamiento larvario y el injerto de células madre. El objetivo fue describir la terapia de presión negativa (TPN) como un tratamiento complementario para un caso de síndrome de la mano diabética tropical (SMDT) que se complicó con absceso y síndrome compartimental y también hacemos una revisión de la literatura.
Caso clínico: paciente hombre de 50 años con síndrome de mano diabética complicado con absceso y síndrome compartimental; se realizó fasciotomía y drenaje quirúrgico, y se complementó el tratamiento con TPN. Tras 10 días de terapia complementaria y 20 más de seguimiento el paciente presentó adecuada remisión.
Conclusión: el uso de la TPN en el tratamiento del SMDT ayudó a limitar el daño de la infección y sus complicaciones. Además, permitió realizar un seguimiento del paciente de forma ambulatoria y reducir su estancia hospitalaria.
Abstract
Background: Diabetic hand syndrome is a complication of diabetes mellitus that is rarely described in Mexico. It covers a wide spectrum of nervous, tendinous and infectious disorders. The tropical variant of the disease is described as a necrotizing infection in the upper extremity, generally secondary to superficial trauma. Treatment includes metabolic control, antibiotics and different surgical techniques. Currently, complementary therapies include surgical debridement, flap reconstruction, negative pressure therapy, larval debridement, and stem cell grafting. The objective was to describe negative pressure therapy (NPT) as an adjunctive treatment for a case of tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS) complicated by abscess and compartment syndrome, and we also made a literature review.
Clinical case: 50-year-old male patient with diabetic hand syndrome complicated by abscess and compartment syndrome. Fasciotomy and surgical drainage were performed, complementing the treatment with negative pressure therapy. After 10 days of complementary therapy and 20 more days of follow-up, the patient presented adequate remission.
Conclusion: The use of NPT in the treatment of TDHS helped to limit the infection damage, and allowed the patient to be monitored on an outpatient basis, reducing his hospital stay.
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