Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es una polirradiculoneuropatía inmunomediada generalmente postinfecciosa, es la primera causa de parálisis flácida aguda a nivel mundial.
Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y comportamiento del síndrome de Guillain-Barré.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se revisaron los expedientes de todos los pacientes con SGB del 2012-2022, y se obtuvo información de variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Se calculó la incidencia por cada uno de los años de estudio y la tendencia para el periodo de estudio mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, considerando estadísticamente significativo p ≤ 0.05.
Resultados: se obtuvo un total de 477 casos, el 67% eran hombres, dentro de las comorbilidades, las toxicomanías estuvieron presentes en el 31% de los casos. La mayoría de los casos fueron precedidos por un cuadro infeccioso gastrointestinal. El fenotipo más frecuente fue la neuropatía axonal motora aguda. El 29% se presentó en verano. Se observó una tendencia estadísticamente significativa al incremento (p ≤ 0.05) y una mortalidad de 2.5% con predominio en la variedad axonal.
Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio abarcan un periodo relativamente amplio comparado con otras revisiones, los hallazgos concuerdan con estudios previos. El SGB mostró una tendencia estadísticamente significativa al incremento.
Abstract
Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune- mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, generally post-infectious, and is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and behavioral characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. The records of all patients with GBS from 2012-2022 were reviewed, and information on epidemiological and clinical variables was obtained. The incidence was calculated for each of the study years and the trend for the study period using the Pearson correlation coefficient, considering p ≤ 0.05 statistically significant.
Results: A total of 477 cases were obtained, 67% were men, among the comorbidities, drug addictions were present in 31% of the cases. Most cases were preceded by a gastrointestinal infectious condition. The most common phenotype was acute motor axonal neuropathy. 29% showed up in summer. A statistically significant tendency to increase was observed (p ≤ 0.05) and a mortality of 2.5% with predominance in the axonal variety.
Conclusions: The results of this study cover a relatively long period compared to other reviews, the findings agree with previous studies. GBS showed a statistically significant tendency to increase.
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