Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad renal en etapa 5 requiere terapia de reemplazo de la función renal, ya sea mediante hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal. Entre las complicaciones relacionadas con la colocación de catéter de diálisis peritoneal, se encuentran las mecánicas, que incluyen obstrucción de flujo, fuga de líquido peritoneal, hernias, posición inadecuada de catéter o lesión de algún órgano intraabdominal. Una complicación rara es la colocación accidental de catéter en vejiga urinaria. La perforación vesical es favorecida cuando se encuentra vaciamiento incompleto de vejiga, antecedentes quirúrgicos y alteraciones en vías urinarias bajas. Se presenta un caso de perforación vesical tras colocación de catéter y una revisión del tema.
Caso clínico: paciente del sexo femenino de 64 años, que acudió por disfunción de catéter Tenckhoff. Se programó para retiro y colocación de catéter. Durante el inicio de la infusión de solución de diálisis, la paciente inmediatamente comenzó con sensación de micción. Se solicitó tomografía simple de abdomen en la que se confirmó catéter en vejiga.
Conclusión: los factores de riesgo para una lesión vesical tras la colocación de catéter son la diabetes, vejiga neurogénica, obstrucción urinaria y cirugías abdominales previas. En presencia de ellos, se debe hacer un abordaje cuidadoso de la cavidad, incluido el cateterismo vesical en casos en los que no se garantice el vaciamiento vesical completo.
Abstract
Background: Stage 5 kidney disease requires renal function replacement therapy, either through hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Among the complications related to the placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter are the mechanical ones, that include flow obstruction, peritoneal fluid leak, hernias, inadequate catheter position or injury to an intra-abdominal organ. A rare complication is the accidental catheter placement in the urinary bladder. Bladder perforation is favored when there is incomplete emptying of the bladder, a surgical history, and alterations in the lower urinary tract. A case of bladder perforation after catheter placement and a review of this subject is presented.
Clinical case: 64-year-old female patient presented with Tenckhoff catheter dysfunction. She was scheduled for catheter removal and placement. During the start of the infusion of dialysis solution, the patient started to feel the urgent need to urinate. A simple abdominal tomography was requested, confirming the catheter in the bladder.
Conclusion: The risk factors for bladder injury after catheter placement are diabetes, neurogenic bladder, urinary obstruction and previous abdominal surgeries. In the presence of them, a careful approach to the cavity must be made, including bladder catheterization in cases where complete bladder emptying is not guaranteed.
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