Introducción: Existen múltiples métodos y biomarcadores con diferentes tasas de detección de células tumorales circulantes (CTCs) en mujeres con cáncer de mama (CaMa), sin embargo, hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, no se ha realizado un estudio de detección de CTCs en mujeres con CaMa temprano en México.
Objetivo: Calcular la tasa de detección de CTCs en sangre periférica de mujeres mexicanas con CaMa temprano mediante la cuantificación de la expresión relativa de KRT19, MUC1 y SCGB2A2.
Métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, analítico, que incluyó 62 mujeres mexicanas, mayores de 18 años, con CaMa etapa clínica 0, I y II. A partir de 4 ml de sangre periférica obtenida 24 h antes de la cirugía, se aislaron las células con densidad < 1.077 g/ml, se extrajo RNA y se efectúo RT-qPCR para cuantificar la expresión relativa de KRT19, MUC1 y SCGB2A2.
Resultados: Se confirmó el diagnóstico de CaMa en el estudio patológico definitivo en 59 mujeres. Un caso (1.7%) expresó KRT19, 18 casos (30.5 %) MUC1, dos casos (3.4 %) SCGB2A2 y 19 casos (32.2 %) expresaron al menos uno de los 3 biomarcadores.
Conclusiones: Las tasas de detección de CTCs fueron similares a las reportadas en otras poblaciones cuando se usó MUC1, pero menores cuando se usó KRT19 y SCGB2A2. Se requiere estandarización de la obtención y procesamiento de las muestras sanguíneas, así como del análisis de expresión de los biomarcadores para reducir la variabilidad en la detección de CTCs en poblaciones específicas.
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