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Impacto del COVID-19 en la enfermedad biliar: presentación en cirugías pospuestas / Impact of COVID-19 on gallbladder disease: presentation of postponed surgeries

Milton Alberto Muñoz-Leija, Marion Carolina Alemán-Jiménez, Francisco Daniel Guerrero-Mendivil, Ricardo Xavier Cuellar-Tamez, Fernando Alcorta-Núñez, Victor Daniel Cárdenas-Salas, Griselda Luna-Quizihuitl, Edgar Francisco Rodríguez-Bracho, Heliodoro Plata-Álvarez

Resumen


Resumen

 

Introducción: desde que el brote de COVID-19 escaló a niveles pandémicos, numerosos hospitales pospusieron intervenciones electivas. Los estudios que reportan la incidencia, presentación, gravedad y manejo quirúrgico de la patología biliar difieren antes, durante y después de la pandemia.

Objetivo: evaluar la presentación de la patología biliar por medio de diagnóstico y Escala de Parkland en pacientes que sus cirugías fueron pospuestas por la pandemia y posteriormente se intervinieron quirúrgicamente.

Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de patología biliar que contaban con programación quirúrgica y posteriormente cancelada durante la pandemia. Se utilizó t de Student y Chi cuadrada en análisis estadístico.

Resultados: se evaluaron un total de 520 pacientes. La colelitiasis fue el diagnóstico más común en 74.4%. El grado III en la Escala de Parkland fue el más prevalente (43.7%). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre sexos (p = 0.000) y entre cirugías de urgencia frente a electivas (p = 0.000) en relación con la Escala de Parkland. El tiempo de hospitalización fue significativo entre cirugías de urgencia y electivas (p = 0.000).

Conclusión: la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron grado III en la Escala de Parkland, lo que refleja un aumento de un nivel en comparación con la prevalencia en la literatura prepandémica. Más estudios son necesarios para valorar el impacto real de la pandemia sobre la patología biliar.

 

Abstract

Background: Since the COVID-19 outbreak escalated to pandemic levels, numerous hospitals deferred elective interventions. Studies reporting the incidence, presentation, severity, and outcomes in the surgical management of biliary diseases differ before, during and after the pandemic.

Objective: Evaluate the presentation of biliary pathology by diagnosis and Parkland Grading Scale in patients whose surgeries were postponed due to the pandemic, and who were later surgically intervened.

Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Patients with biliary pathology who had a scheduled cholecystectomy canceled during the pandemic were included. Student’s t-test and Chi-Square tests were employed for statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 520 patients were evaluated, cholelithiasis was the most common diagnosis in 74.4%. Grade III on the Parkland Grading Scale (PGS) was the most prevalent at 43.7%. Significant differences were observed between genders (p = 0.000) and emergency versus elective surgeries (p = 0.000) in relation to the PGS. Hospitalization duration also exhibited a statistically significant difference between emergency and elective surgeries (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Most patients presented a Grade III on the PGS, reflecting a one-level increase compared to pre-pandemic literature prevalence. More studies are needed to evaluate the real impact of the pandemic on biliary pathology.


Palabras clave


Enfermedades de los Conductos Biliares; Vesícula Biliar; Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Biliar; Virus del SRAS; Pandemias / Bile Duct Diseases; Gallbladder; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; SARS Virus; Pandemics

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.13381474

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