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Fuerza de la mano e hipertensión arterial, un estudio de casos y controles / Grip strength and high blood pressure: a case-control study

Martha Beatriz Bustamante-Hernández, José de Jesús Garduño-García, Elías Cardoso-Pena, Laura Montenegro-Morales, Eneida Camarillo-Romero, Gabriel Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo, Socorro Camarillo-Romero

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: la fuerza de la mano (HGS, del inglés Hand Grip Strength) baja es uno de los criterios para diagnosticar fragilidad y sarcopenia, se asocia con riesgo de enfermedades metabólicas y mentales. Algunos estudios han mostrado que en pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA) la HGS baja representa riesgo de incidencia de enfermedad y mortalidad cardiovascular, además de mortalidad por otras causas, sin embargo, aún no existen estudios concluyentes con relación a los factores que determinan la HGS en pacientes con HTA.

Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyen a la baja HGS en pacientes con HTA.

Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional, analítico de casos y controles. Fueron incluidos 100 pacientes con diagnóstico y tratamiento de HTA, y 100 controles pareados por edad y sexo. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, autoinforme de actividad física, peso, altura, composición corporal y HGS. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, Chi cuadrada, para buscar diferencia de medias U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y análisis post-hoc Games-Howell.

Resultados: la edad media de la muestra fue de 47.40 ± 0.54 años; los resultados de la composición corporal entre los grupos en estudio no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas; sin embargo, se encontraron diferentes factores que influyen en la HGS.

Conclusiones: la composición corporal es la que determina la HGS en la población de 30 a 60 años, sin embargo, en pacientes con HTA son el IMC y la grasa visceral los factores que tienen mayor impacto en la HGS.

 

Abstract

Background: Low hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the criteria for diagnosing frailty and sarcopenia, it is associated with the risk of metabolic and mental diseases; Studies have shown that in patients with arterial hypertension (BP), low HGS represents a risk of incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality, in addition to mortality from other causes; however, there are still no conclusive studies regarding the factors that determine HGS in BP.

Objective: Identify the factors that influence low HGS in patients with BP.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, analytical case-control study. 100 patients with a diagnosis and treatment of HTN were included, and 100 controls matched by age and sex. Demographic data, self-report of physical activity, weight, height, body composition, and HGS were obtained. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, were performed to look for differences in means, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Games-Howell post-hoc analysis.

Results: The average age of the sample was 47.40 ± 0.54; The results of body composition between the study groups did not show statistically significant differences; However, different factors were found that influence HGS.

Conclusions: Body composition is what determines HGS in patients between 30 and 60 years of age, however in patients with BP it is visceral fat that is responsible for low HGS.


Palabras clave


Fuerza de la Mano; Hipertensión; Composición Corporal / Hand Strength; Hypertension; Body Composition

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.13323291

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