Resumen
Introducción: la fuerza de la mano (HGS, del inglés Hand Grip Strength) baja es uno de los criterios para diagnosticar fragilidad y sarcopenia, se asocia con riesgo de enfermedades metabólicas y mentales. Algunos estudios han mostrado que en pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA) la HGS baja representa riesgo de incidencia de enfermedad y mortalidad cardiovascular, además de mortalidad por otras causas, sin embargo, aún no existen estudios concluyentes con relación a los factores que determinan la HGS en pacientes con HTA.
Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyen a la baja HGS en pacientes con HTA.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional, analítico de casos y controles. Fueron incluidos 100 pacientes con diagnóstico y tratamiento de HTA, y 100 controles pareados por edad y sexo. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, autoinforme de actividad física, peso, altura, composición corporal y HGS. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, Chi cuadrada, para buscar diferencia de medias U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y análisis post-hoc Games-Howell.
Resultados: la edad media de la muestra fue de 47.40 ± 0.54 años; los resultados de la composición corporal entre los grupos en estudio no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas; sin embargo, se encontraron diferentes factores que influyen en la HGS.
Conclusiones: la composición corporal es la que determina la HGS en la población de 30 a 60 años, sin embargo, en pacientes con HTA son el IMC y la grasa visceral los factores que tienen mayor impacto en la HGS.
Abstract
Background: Low hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the criteria for diagnosing frailty and sarcopenia, it is associated with the risk of metabolic and mental diseases; Studies have shown that in patients with arterial hypertension (BP), low HGS represents a risk of incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality, in addition to mortality from other causes; however, there are still no conclusive studies regarding the factors that determine HGS in BP.
Objective: Identify the factors that influence low HGS in patients with BP.
Material and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, analytical case-control study. 100 patients with a diagnosis and treatment of HTN were included, and 100 controls matched by age and sex. Demographic data, self-report of physical activity, weight, height, body composition, and HGS were obtained. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, were performed to look for differences in means, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Games-Howell post-hoc analysis.
Results: The average age of the sample was 47.40 ± 0.54; The results of body composition between the study groups did not show statistically significant differences; However, different factors were found that influence HGS.
Conclusions: Body composition is what determines HGS in patients between 30 and 60 years of age, however in patients with BP it is visceral fat that is responsible for low HGS.
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