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Incidencia y factores asociados a delirium en un Servicio de Urgencias / Incidence and factors associated with delirium in an Emergency Department

Jorge Ayón-Aguilar, Laura Serrano-Vértiz, Fernando Vladimir Quiroz-Lara, Montserrat Torres-Macotela

Resumen


 

Resumen

Introducción: los cambios en la cognición, atención, conciencia y percepción que ocurren rápidamente y evolucionan de manera impredecible son las características distintivas del síndrome de delirium. De los pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 65 años, 20% experimentan complicaciones durante su estancia; en México, se reporta que la incidencia es de 12%.

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y factores asociados a delirium en un Servicio de Urgencias.

Material y métodos: estudio longitudinal, con 169 pacientes mayores de 65 años, de ambos sexos, ingresados a un servicio de urgencias por causas médicas y quirúrgicas, del 1 de noviembre de 2022 al 30 de abril de 2023. Se les aplicó la escala Confussion Assessment Method (CAM) y se determinó la incidencia del delirium; se estimó la asociación entre esta patología y algunos factores como género, edad y comorbilidades; se hizo un análisis descriptivo e inferencial mediante chi cuadrada con una significación estadística ≤ 0.05.

Resultados: fueron 92 pacientes mujeres (56.3%), con una mediana de edad de 77 años (65-90). La incidencia del delirium fue de 43.8%. Las comorbilidades estudiadas como factores asociados al delirium fueron infecciones 22.48% (p = 0.774), arritmias 7.10% (p = 0.551) y cardiopatías 5.91% (p = 0.477).

Conclusiones: el delirium se presentó con mayor incidencia en comparación con la reportada en la literatura nacional e internacional. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los factores presentes y el delirium.

 

Abstract

Background: Changes in cognition, attention, consciousness, and perception that occur rapidly and evolve unpredictably are the hallmarks of delirium syndrome. Out of hospitalized patients over the age of 65, 20% experience complications during their stay; in Mexico, the incidence is reported to be 12%.

Objective: To determine the incidence and factors associated with delirium in an Emergency Department.

Material and methods: Prospective study, with 169 patients over 65 years of age, of both sexes, admitted to an Emergency Department for medical and surgical reasons, from November 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023. The Confussion Assessment Method (CAM) scale was administered to them and the incidence of delirium was determined; descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using chi-squared with a statistical significance ≤ 0.05.

Results: There were 92 female patients (56.3%) with a median age of 77 years (65-90). The incidence of delirium was 43.8%. The comorbidities associated with delirium were infections in 22.48% (p = 0.774), arrhythmias in 7.10% (p = 0.551) and heart disease in 5.91% (p = 0.477).

Conclusions: Delirium occurred with a higher incidence compared to that reported in national and international literature; no statistically significant association was found between the present pathologies and delirium.


Palabras clave


Delirium; Factores de Riesgo; Incidencia; Personas Mayores; Sala de Emergencias Hospitalarias / Delirium; Risk Factors; Incidence; Elderly; Emergency Department

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.14200014

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