Resumen
Introducción: la hemorragia digestiva es una causa importante de admisión hospitalaria; sin embargo, no se ha logrado reducir la tasa de mortalidad en estos pacientes. La hemorragia digestiva tiene una etiología múltiple; específicamente, el sangrado del intestino delgado representa entre el 5 y el 10% de las hemorragias gastrointestinales, de las cuales entre el 0.06% y el 5% de los casos son causados por divertículos del intestino delgado. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos; sin embargo, su forma sintomática es muy variada y puede presentarse con múltiples complicaciones, como hemorragia masiva. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el abordaje de la enfermedad diverticular (ED) yeyunal con hemorragia gastrointestinal.
Caso clínico: paciente hombre de 48 años, con un cuadro de hemorragia digestiva masiva de origen desconocido, inicialmente tratado con angiografía y embolización con evolución satisfactoria. Sin embargo, seis días posteriores a su egreso, presentó un nuevo sangrado masivo que requirió una laparotomía exploradora de urgencia, en la que se evidenció una ED yeyunal en el intestino delgado.
Conclusiones: los divertículos del intestino delgado suelen ser asintomáticos, y las complicaciones son poco frecuentes; sin embargo, pueden afectar la supervivencia del paciente, por lo que se requiere un abordaje adecuado, un diagnóstico preciso y oportuno, así como un manejo multidisciplinario que permita ofrecer las mejores opciones terapéuticas al paciente.
Abstract
Background: Digestive bleeding is an important cause of hospital admission; however, the mortality rate in these patients has not been reduced. Digestive bleeding has a multiple etiology; specifically, bleeding from the small intestine accounts for 5 to 10% of gastrointestinal hemorrhages, of which between 0.06% and 5% of cases are caused by diverticula of the small intestine. Most cases are asymptomatic; however, the symptomatic form is highly variable and can present with multiple complications, such as massive bleeding. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the approach to jejunal diverticular disease (JDD) with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Clinical case: A 48-year-old male patient presented with massive digestive bleeding of unknown origin, initially treated with angiography and embolization, with a satisfactory outcome. However, six days after discharge, the patient experienced new massive bleeding that required an urgent exploratory laparotomy, during which jejunal diverticular disease (JDD) of the small intestine was identified.
Conclusions: Diverticula of the small intestine are usually asymptomatic, and complications are rare; however, they can affect the patient's survival. Therefore, an appropriate approach, accurate and timely diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary management strategy are required to offer the best therapeutic options for the patient.
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