Resumen
Introducción: la distrofia muscular de cinturas y extremidades autosómica recesiva 10 (LGMDR10) es una distrofia muscular causada por variantes patogénicas en el gen TTN que codifica la proteína titina, la cual es responsable de la flexibilidad y la tensión muscular. Su prevalencia es desconocida. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas son debilidad muscular proximal de predominio en la cintura escapular y pélvica, leve debilidad de músculos distales y atrofia muscular. El objetivo es presentar un reporte de caso de distrofia muscular de cinturas y extremidades autosómica recesiva 10 en un paciente mexicano.
Caso clínico: hombre de 39 años con hipotrofia de pierna izquierda, debilidad muscular de las 4 extremidades de predominio proximal y asimétrica, mialgias y calambres nocturnos. La creatinfosfoquinasa total fue de 819.7 UI/L, la velocidad de conducción nerviosa y la electromiografía presentó neuropatía femoral izquierda del tipo axonotmesis y neuropatía mixta axonal con patrón miopático de miembros superiores. El estudio molecular para distrofias musculares reportó 2 variantes patogénicas en estado heterocigoto compuesto en el gen TTN: c.107578C>T (p. Gln37860*) y c.104269C>T (p. Gln34767*), respectivamente.
Conclusiones: conforme a la información disponible, no existen casos reportados de LGMDR10 en México. Esta es una enfermedad progresiva con pérdida total de la deambulación entre la cuarta y la sexta década de vida, por lo que es importante su sospecha clínica para un diagnóstico oportuno, un asesoramiento adecuado y la prevención de complicaciones para una mejor calidad de vida.
Abstract
Background: The autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-10 (LGMDR10) is a muscular dystrophy caused by pathogenetic variants in the TTN gene encoding the titin protein, which is responsible for muscle flexibility and tension. Its prevalence is unknown. The main clinical manifestations are proximal muscle weakness predominantly in the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle, mild weakness of distal muscles and muscle atrophy. The objective is to present a case report of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-10 in a Mexican patient.
Clinical case: 39-year-old male with hypotrophy of the left leg, muscle weakness of the 4 limbs predominantly proximal and asymmetrical, myalgia and nocturnal cramps. Total creatine phosphokinase level was of 819.7 IU/L, nerve conduction velocity and electromyography with left femoral neuropathy of the axonotmesis type and mixed axonal neuropathy with myopathic pattern of upper limbs. The molecular study for muscular dystrophies reported 2 pathogenic variants in compound heterozygous state in the TTN gene: c.107578C>T (p. Gln37860*) and c.104269C>T (p. Gln34767*), respectively.
Conclusions: In line with the information available, there are no reported cases of LGMDR10 in Mexico. This is a progressive disease with total loss of ambulation between the fourth and the sixth decade of life, which is why its clinical suspicion is important for a timely diagnosis, an adequate counseling, and preventive measures of complications for a better quality of life.
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