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Desequilibrios cromosómicos en el cáncer cervicouterino
Resumen
Para identificar los desequilibrios cromosómicos más comunes en las lesiones tempranas y tardías del cáncer cervicouterino que pudieran emplearse como biomarcadores de progresión, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos aparecidos entre 1996 y 2011 en PubMed; los términos Mesh utilizados fueron chromosomal alterations, loss of heterozygosity, cervical cáncer, cervical tumorigenesis, chromosomal aberrations, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia y low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Encontramos que los desequilibrios cromosómicos comunes tanto en las etapas tempranas como en las tardías ocurren en 8q24 (77.7 %), 20q13 (66.9 %), 3q21-26 (47.1 %) Xp22 (43.8 %) y 5p15 (60 %). Además, la integración del genoma del virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH-AR) al cromosoma del hospedero se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de la neoplasia, si bien se considera que los desequilibrios cromosómicos preceden y favorecen dicha integración. Los desequilibrios cromosómicos en 8q24, 20q13, 3q21-26 Xp22 y 5p15 —determinados mediante hibridación in situ con inmunofluorescencia o hibridación genómica comparativa— para la detección oportuna de la presencia del VPH-AR son marcadores promisorios de evolución del cáncer cervicouterino.
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