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Memoria procedimental en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer
Resumen
El aprendizaje procedimental permite adquirir o desarrollar habilidades mediante la ejecución y repetición de una tarea de manera no consciente o no intencional. Las habilidades procedimentales están siendo consideradas ejes centrales en la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para fomentar la autonomía de los pacientes con daño cerebral. En este artículo se hace una revisión del estado actual de las investigaciones que analizan los aprendizajes procedimentales en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. De las últimas tres décadas se identificaron 40 investigaciones relativas a las habilidades procedimentales en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: motoras, perceptivo-motoras, cognitivas, perceptivo-cognitivas y las desarrolladas mediante el paradigma del tiempo de reacción serial. En cada una se han analizado los estudios que evalúan la habilidad, el tipo de tarea utilizada y los resultados que reflejan la preservación o el deterioro del aprendizaje procedimental. Los aprendizajes procedimentales preservados o relativamente preservados en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer podrían ser utilizados para fomentar la autonomía de estos.
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