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El trastorno del espectro autista: aspectos etiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos
Resumen
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) fue descrito por primera vez en 1943 por Leo Kanner, y desde entonces se han publicado 18 490 artículos, los cuales han sido citados 48 416 veces.1 Cerca de la mitad de estas publicaciones provienen de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y la mayoría de los esfuerzos para mejorar las condiciones de vida de estos pacientes tienen lugar en países desarrollados. El trastorno consiste en un desfase en la adquisición de habilidades socioemocionales durante el desarrollo temprano y, como consecuencia, la instalación progresiva y variable de una discapacidad de adaptación social. La etiología es multifactorial e incluye alteraciones neurológicas funcionales y estructurales de origen genético y epigenético. Existe un grave desconocimiento de este tema entre los profesionales de la salud por lo que esta revisión sistemática pretende resumir los aspectos históricos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos más relevantes del TEA.
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Referencias
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