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Polimorfismos del receptor de estrógenos alfa y su asociación con la densidad mamaria / Alpha estrogen receptor polymorphisms and their association with breast density

Sara Vega-Garcia, Renata Saucedo-García, María de Lourdes Basurto-Acevedo, Columba Vargas-Gutiérrez, Rosa Elva Galván-Duarte, Elba Reyes-Maldonado, Uriban Israel Aguilar-Gallegos, Francisco Avelar-Garnica, María Eugenia Galván-Plata

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: en el desarrollo de cáncer de mama (CaMa), la exposición estrogénica y el aumento de la densidad mamaria (DM) son dos factores determinantes de riesgo.

Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre los polimorfismos XbaI y PvuII del receptor de estrógenos (ER-alfa) con la DM.

Material y métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó 225 pacientes de 40-65 años, sin datos evidentes de cáncer, que se realizaron mastografía de rutina en un departamento de radiología para diagnóstico precoz de CaMa. Se clasificaron en dos grupos: con presencia o ausencia de DM aumentada. Se les tomó muestra sanguínea para extraer DNA y determinar los polimorfismos XbaI y PvuII del gen ER-alfa.

Resultados: 19.1% tuvo peso normal, 37.7% sobrepeso y el 43.2% obesidad. En relación con la DM, 105 tuvieron mama densa (46.7%) y 120 mama no densa (53.3%). La frecuencia de mujeres con mama densa fue inferior en las mujeres posmenopáusicas. En cuanto al tipo de DM, no hubo diferencia significativa entre las frecuencias en los genotipos de PvuII y XbaI. La regresión logística mostró que solo la edad y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fueron factores determinantes de la DM.

Conclusiones: los genotipos PvuII y XbaI del ER-alfa fueron similares entre las mujeres con mama densa y no densa; en contraste, otros factores se relacionaron con la DM (edad, IMC y estado menopáusico). Por ende, en la práctica clínica se debe enfatizar la relación del IMC con la DM, pues esta representa un factor de riesgo de CaMa.

Abstract

Background: In the development of breast cancer (BC), estrogen exposure and the increase in breast density (BD) are two determinant factors for BC risk.

Objective: To identify the relationship between the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) with BD.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study which included 225 women, aged 40-65 years, without evident cancer data, who underwent routine mammography for early BC diagnosis in a radiology department. Two groups were formed: women with increased and with normal BD. Participants were genotyped for the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms.

Results: 19.1% had normal weight, 37.7% overweight, and 43.2% were obese women. In relation to high-risk patterns, 105 women had increased BD and 120 had normal BD (53.3%). The frequency of women with increased BD was also lower in postmenopausal women. Regarding the type of BD, there was no statistically significant difference between frequencies of PvuII and XbaI genotypes. Logistic regressionge and body mass index (BMI) were associated with BD.

Conclusion: PvuII and XbaI ER-alpha genotypes were similar among women with dense and non-dense breasts; differently, other factors were associated with BD (age, BMI and menopausal status). Therefore, emphasis should be placed on clinical practice in the relationship between BMI and BD.


Palabras clave


Densidad de la Mama; Receptores Estrogénicos; Obesidad; Menopausia / Breast Density; Receptors, Estrogen; Obesity; Menopause

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Referencias


 

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000111

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