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Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico y factores asociados en niños y adolescentes con obesidad
Resumen
Introducción: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es elevada en niños y adolescentes en nuestro país, así como las alteraciones asociadas a su presencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes con obesidad que acudieron a una clínica hospitalaria e identificar factores asociados a su presencia.
Métodos: diseño transversal con 120 niños y adolescentes, de cualquier sexo, con obesidad exógena e IMC > 2.0 desviaciones estándar. Se recolectaron antecedentes personales y familiares; se midió la presión arterial y se realizaron determinaciones de los niveles séricos de glucosa, insulina, lipoproteínas de colesterol de alta densidad y triglicéridos. Se identificó la presencia de síndrome metabólico con los criterios ATPIII, OMS y de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Se identificó la asociación del síndrome metabólico con diferentes variables con la prueba Chi cuadrada y cálculo de razón de momios.
Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 10.6 ± 2.7 años. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 37.5 a 54.5%, dependiendo del criterio utilizado; se asoció al antecedente de peso grande al nacimiento (RM = 2.21 [1.01-4.82]) y resistencia a la insulina (RM = 6.53 [2.40-18.2]).
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico es elevada en este grupo de niños y adolescentes con obesidad. El antecedente de peso grande al nacer y la presencia de resistencia a la insulina nos deben alertar sobre la presencia de la enfermedad.
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