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Revisión bibliográfica: edema macular diabético, repercusiones y tratamiento
Resumen
En nuestro país se reporta que un 10 % de la población adulta vive con diabetes mellitus, siendo esta enfermedad una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad, así como de discapacidad visual y laboral. El edema macular es la principal causa de pérdida visual en el paciente diabético. Existen métodos clásicos para su detección, como el uso de biomicroscópico, la oftalmoscopia indirecta o la angiografía con fluoresceína (AGF), que se han visto superados por nuevos métodos como la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT), estándar de oro en la actualidad para su diagnóstico y seguimiento; mediante este, se han estudiado distintos tipos de edema macular, que podrían representar entidades clínicas diferentes que requerirían tratamientos específicos. El enfoque terapéutico del edema macular diabético continúa evolucionando. A los métodos tradicionales de control metabólico y fotocoagulación con láser se han unido, en años recientes, nuevas alternativas como la inyección intravítrea de triamcinolona y sustancias antiangiogénicas, incluso el tratamiento quirúrgico mediante vitrectomía. Continúan realizándose diversos estudios prospectivos aleatorizados para evaluar la mayor parte de estas terapias, lo que hace aún más difícil determinar cuál es el tratamiento más adecuado en cada circunstancia.
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Referencias
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