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Detección de glucosa en ayuno alterada en donadores de sangre
Resumen
Objetivo: identificar sujetos con glucosa en ayuno alterada (GAA) no diagnosticados, procedentes de un grupo aparentemente sano.
Métodos: estudio transversal de 1188 donadores de sangre, sin antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2. Se realizó historia clínica, examen físico y perfil bioquímico.
Resultados: la prevalencia de GAA fue de 15.9 %, 17.1 % en hombres y 12.9 % en mujeres, con concentración promedio de glucosa plasmática de 107.2 ± 6.5 y 106.0 ± 6.1 mg/dL, respectivamente. El 60.2 % de los pacientes con GAA presentó resistencia a la insulina. El diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico para los sujetos con GAA según los criterios del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol-Panel de Tratamiento III fue de 20.2 %, la Federación Internacional de Diabetes de 21.4 %, y la Asociación Americana de Corazón y el Instituto Nacional de Corazón, Pulmón y Sangre de 29.3 %. El 70 % de los sujetos con GAA tenía hipertrigliceridemia, 51 % hipercolesterolemia y 85 % obesidad o sobrepeso.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de GAA fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura mundial. Una sexta parte se encontraba sin diagnóstico y sin medidas de prevención para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.
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