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Exposición ocupacional a mezcla de benceno-tolueno-xileno. Manifestaciones hematoinmunológicas
Resumen
A pesar que se ha promovido el estudio de la exposición ocupacional al benceno y su mezcla con tolueno y xileno (BTX), la que parece determinar su toxicidad y producción de efectos aditivos, persisten mayor interés por reconocer de manera aislada sus efectos hematoinmunotóxicos pese a que las exposiciones a una única sustancia en el terreno laboral es infrecuente. Las aportaciones disponibles que analizan esas implicaciones son escasas, de resultados contradictorios y mayoritariamente se circunscriben a la fracción bencénica. Estudios epidemiológicos que han evaluado la exposición ocupacional a cualquiera de las fracciones de BTX se han fundamentado en el monitoreo personal, mientras que otros la caracterizan de manera heterogénea y con propuestas de menor dureza. La conformación de métodos específicos para estimar la exposición ocupacional a mezcla de BTX contribuiría a su homogeneización y permitiría una visión más integral en términos de determinar la exposición. Por otro lado, se cuestiona la aplicación de biomarcadores de exposición del BTX en estudios que consideran exposiciones crónicas relacionadas con los efectos biológicos específicos de referencia. El análisis de la exposición ocupacional a mezcla de BTX asociado a manifestaciones hematoinmunológicas se fundamenta en información aún poco clara, controversial o incluso especulativa.
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