Resumen
Introducción: El abdomen abierto es una estrategia quirúrgica de manejo en pacientes con incremento de la presión intraabdominal o cuando la pared abdominal no puede ser cerrada.
Objetivo: Describir las características y el resultado clínico de un grupo de pacientes quirúrgicos con abdomen abierto que han ingresado a una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).
Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en una UCI de un hospital público de referencia, con pacientes que ingresaron con abdomen abierto. Se registraron las características clínicas y demográficas al ingreso a la UCI y se asociaron con el riesgo de muerte en la UCI.
Resultados: Se reunieron 30 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 51.97 ± 17.77 años. La principal razón de ingreso a la UCI fue sepsis abdominal. La gravedad de la enfermedad por APACHE II tuvo una mediana de 14 puntos y por SOFA una mediana de 4.5 puntos. La letalidad en la UCI fue del 46.7%.
Conclusión: La letalidad de pacientes con abdomen abierto en la UCI es alta. Los sujetos que sobreviven tienen un mayor número de reintervenciones quirúrgicas y un mayor riesgo de fístulas enterocutáneas.
Abstract
Background: The open abdomen is a surgical management strategy in patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure or when the abdominal wall cannot be closed.
Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and clinical outcome of a group of surgical patients with open abdomen who have been admitted to an ICU.
Material and mehotds: Retrospective study in an ICU of a public hospital of reference with subjects admitted with open abdomen. The clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded upon admission to the ICU and were associated with the risk of death in the ICU.
Results: We included 30 patients, with mean of age 51.97 ± 17.77 years. The main reason for admission to the ICU was abdominal sepsis. The severity of the disease by APACHE II was median of 14 points and a SOFA with median of 4.5 points. The lethality in ICU was 46.7%.
Conclusion: The mortality of patients with open abdomen in ICU is high. Surviving subjects have higher number of surgical reoperations and a greater risk of whole cutaneous fistulas.
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