Estrategia educativa basada en el programa NutrIMSS en pacientes con prediabetes / Educational strategy based on the NutrIMSS program in patients with prediabetes

Resumen

Resumen

Introducción: La prediabetes es un estado metabólico alterado de la glucosa; no presenta síntomas, se considera un estadio intermedio en la progresión a diabetes; es posible detectarla tempranamente para evitar o retrasar la enfermedad. La estrategia NutrIMSS se implementó para que estos pacientes alcancen un estilo de vida saludable.

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa basada en la estrategia NutrIMSS sobre parámetros somatométricos y bioquímicos en pacientes con prediabetes.

Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 80 de Morelia, Michoacán, 20-59 años de edad, con diagnóstico de prediabetes (glucosa alterada de ayuno 100-125mg/dl). La intervención educativa incluyó tres sesiones educativas, seis consultas con nutrición e inclusión al centro de seguridad social, de marzo a agosto 2017. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y bioquímicas iniciales y al sexto mes. Los datos se presentan en media±EE, t student, significancia p<0.05.

Resultados: 30 pacientes, 83.3% mujeres; parámetros pre y post-intervención: peso(Kg): 79.83±2.1, 79.22±2.2 (0.06),  IMC(kg/m2): 30.89±0.74, 30.60±0.71 (0.33), glucosa(mg/dl): 108.6±0.9, 95.5±1.98 (<0.001), colesterol total(mg/dl): 165.4±4.9, 152.3±6.1 (0.02), y triglicéridos(mg/dl): 164.2±14.1, 149.3±8.6 (0.03).

Conclusión: La intervención educativa basada en la estrategia NutrIMSS impacta de manera positiva en el control metabólico de los pacientes con prediabetes. 

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes is an altered metabolic state of glucose; it does not present symptoms, it is considered an intermediate stage in the progression to diabetes; it is possible to detect it early to avoid or delay the disease. NutrIMSS strategy was implemented so that these patients achieve a healthy lifestyle.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention based on the NutrIMSS strategy on somatometric and biochemical parameters in patients with prediabetes.

Method: Quasi-experimental study in the Family Medicine Unit No. 80 of Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico, in patients 20 to 59 years of age, with diagnosis of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL). The educational intervention included three educational sessions, six consultations with nutrition and inclusion to the social security center, from March to August 2017. Initial anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken and in the sixth month. The data were presented as median and interquartile range or mean ± standard deviation, and Student’s t and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance value of p < 0.05.

Results: 45 patients, 66.7% women. Previous and after the intervention parameters were, respectively: weight (kg), 79.9 (56.5-114) and 77.5 (54.6-110) (p = 0.001); body mass index (kg/m2), 30.89 (23.2-39.9) and 29.0 (21.5-39.1) (p  <  0.001); glucose (mg/dL), 111 ± 6.3 and 95.8 ± 9.2 (p < 0.001); and total cholesterol (mg/dL): 171 (120-223) and 170 (90-205) (p = 0.01).

Conclusions: The educational intervention based on the NutrIMSS strategy has a positive impact on the metabolic control of patients with prediabetes.