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Biología del SARS-CoV-2: hacia el entendimiento y tratamiento de COVID 19 / Biology of SARS-CoV-2: Towards understanding and treating COVID-19
Resumen
Resumen
Durante las últimas dos décadas, tres epidemias de gran magnitud, causadas por tres distintos tipos de coronavirus, han impactado a la humanidad. La más reciente, conocida como COVID‑19, ha provocado en tan solo cinco meses, más de 340 000 muertes en todo el mundo. Conocer la biología de los coronavirus es fundamental, tanto para enfrentar la pandemia actual, como para prepararnos para futuras epidemias. En este contexto, el presente artículo está enfocado en la biología de los coronavirus con énfasis en el SARS‑CoV‑2, agente causal de COVID‑19. La temática que se incluye es muy amplia, abarca desde la biología general de los virus y su taxonomía, hasta aspectos muy puntuales de la biología molecular de SARS‑CoV‑2, así como de sus mecanismos de acción y la respuesta inmune. También presentamos distintos aspectos clínicos de COVID‑19, de los métodos para su detección y algunos enfoques terapéuticos, incluyendo tratamientos antivirales y vacunas.
Abstract
During the last two decades, three different epidemics, caused by three different coronaviruses, have affected human-kind. The most recent, known as COVID-19, has caused in only five months, more than 340,000 deaths worldwide. Knowing the biology of coronavirus is key, not just to face the current pandemic, but to prepare ourselves for future epidemics. With this in mind, this article is focused on the biology of coronaviruses emphasizing SARS-CoV-2, the agent that causes COVID-19. This is a comprehensive review article, which covers different topics, from the biology and taxonomy of viruses, to the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2, its mechanisms of action, and the immune response this virus elicits. We have also addressed clinical aspects of COVID-19, its methods of detection, treatment, and vaccines.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000131
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