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Transmisión vertical del SARS CoV 2. Impacto en el sistema nervioso / Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Impact on the nervous system
Resumen
Resumen
Desde que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la pandemia de COVID‑19, las infecciones por SARS‑CoV‑2 han tenido un profundo impacto en la salud pública. En este escenario se afectará un número creciente de mujeres embarazadas; asimismo, los fetos y los recién nacidos podrían ser especialmente vulnerables a las consecuencias dañinas de la infección adquirida de manera congénita o perinatal. En este trabajo se revisan las evidencias disponibles sobre la potencial transmisión vertical intrauterina de la infección por SARS‑CoV‑2, tras una revisión exhaustiva de las publicaciones indexadas hasta abril de 2020 en la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estados Unidos (PubMed/Medline). Partiendo de las analogías con infecciones TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, virus de la rubéola, citomegalovirus y virus del herpes) y otros coronavirus, se ofrece una mirada reflexiva sobre los efectos potenciales en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Las lecciones aprendidas sobre los efectos en el SNC de otras epidemias por virus TORCH, como la del virus Zika en Brasil, y la analogía con los hallazgos en modelos animales, plantean el riesgo de infecciones congénitas y adquiridas perinatalmente, las cuales están relacionadas con el SARS‑CoV‑2. Se desconocen hoy las consecuencias de la infección por el SARS‑CoV‑2 en el primer trimestre del embarazo, y persisten muchas interrogantes sobre su impacto potencial en el SNC.
Abstract
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections have had a profound impact on public health. In this scenario an increasing number of women will be affected; equally, fetuses and newborns could be particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of congenital or perinatally-acquired infections. In this study it is reviewed the available evidence on the potential intrauterine vertical SARS-CoV-2 transmission, after an exhaustive review of publications indexed until April 2020 in the United States’ National Library of Medicine (PubMed/Medline). Starting from the analogies made with TORCH infections (Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes virus), and other coronaviruses, it is provided a pensive look about the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS). Lessons learned from the effects on CNS of other epidemics from TORCH viruses, as Zika virus in Brazil, and the analogy with the findings in animal models, pose the risk of congenital and perinatally-acquired infections, which are related to SARS-CoV-2. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester of pregnancy are unknown, and there are still many questions about its potential impact on CNS.
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Referencias
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