Resumen
Introducción: durante la pandemia por COVID-19, los trabajadores de la salud utilizan equipos de protección personal (EPP) de forma constante y por periodos prolongados, lo cual propicia reacciones adversas dermatológicas, situación poco conocida y estudiada a pesar de su relevancia.
Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de reacciones adversas dermatológicas en trabajadores de la salud que utilizan EPP durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, analítico, realizado mediante una encuesta en línea, que evaluó la asociación entre reacciones dermatológicas y el uso de EPP a partir de un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial.
Resultados: se recabó una muestra de 171 trabajadores de la salud. Se reportó una alta prevalencia de reacciones adversas (59%) y los sitios más afectados fueron la región facial y las manos. El uso de EPP > 6 horas, el antecedente de enfermedad dermatológica, el género femenino, el uso de overol de plástico y el uso de respirador se documentaron como factores de riesgo.
Conclusiones: al ser una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, la COVID-19 condiciona que los trabajadores de salud utilicen aditamentos para su protección personal, lo cual implica potenciales riesgos para la salud; por tanto, se requieren estrategias preventivas y tratamientos eficaces.
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals use personal protective equipment (PPE) on a constant basis and for extended periods, leading to adverse dermatological reactions, a situation little known and studied despite its relevance.
Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the development of adverse dermatological reactions in health workers using PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted through an online survey that evaluated the association between dermatological reactions and the use of PPE through a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: There was a sample of 171 healthcare professionals. It was reported a high prevalence of adverse reactions (59%) and the most affected sites were the facial region and hands. The use of PPE > 6 hours, a history of dermatological disease, female gender, use of plastic overalls and the use of a respirator were documented as risk factors.
Conclusions: Being an infectious disease, COVID-19 forces healthcare professionals to use accessories as a form of personal protection, implying potential health risks; for this, effective preventive strategies and treatment are required.
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