ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
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Factores asociados a defunción en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 / Factors associated to death in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19

Ulises Angeles-Garay, José Arturo Velázquez-García, Claudia Hernández-González, Yesenia Velázquez-Chávez, Nury Gabriela Hernández-Flores, Mauricio Portilla-Aguilar, Carolina Ávila-Hernández, César Cruz-Uscanga, Cinthia Vianey Gaona-Aguas, Diana Fierro-Reyes

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 fue notificado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en enero de 2020 como emergencia mundial debido a su intenso contagio y cuadro clínico, que se agrava en personas susceptibles.

Objetivo: describir factores asociados a defunción en pacientes con COVID-19 y neumonía hospitalizados en tercer nivel. Material y métodos: estudio de casos y controles no pareado. Se obtuvo información general mediante entrevista; del expediente se tomaron datos de hospitalización, imágenes radiológicas, parámetros de laboratorio y tratamientos. Se empleó estadística descriptiva, t de student, U de Mann-Whitney y chi cuadrada para identificar variables asociadas a defunción, y modelos de regresión logística binaria ajustada para proponer variables de antecedentes del paciente, parámetros clínicos y tratamientos que explicaran la defunción.

Resultados: atendimos 5339 pacientes sospechosos de COVID-19: 3117 positivos (59%), 1029 hospitalizados por neumonía y 513 defunciones (16.46%). Para el análisis, se tomaron 1110, se seleccionaron 399 casos de defunción y 357 controles egresados por mejoría. La edad promedio fue 57.8 años; 59% fueron hombres.

Conclusiones: las variables asociadas a mortalidad fueron: mayores de 40 años, radiografía de tórax > 50% de afectación, intubación, deshidrogenasa láctica > 500, proteína C reactiva > 10 e insuficiencia orgánica; las asociadas a mejoría: estancia en unidad de cuidados intensivos, uso de antibióticos parenterales de amplio espectro, esteroides y anticoagulante enoxiheparina. El sexo, la diabetes y las comorbilidades no mostraron asociación.

 

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus was notified by the World Health Organization in January 2020 as a global emergency, due to its intense transmission, and clinical picture, that is aggravated in susceptible people.

Objective: To describe the factors associated with death in COVID-19 and pneumonia patients hospitalized in a thirdlevel center.

Material and methods: An undivided case-control study was carried out. It was conducted an interview to obtain general information; from the medical record were collected hospitalization data, radiological images, laboratory parameters, and treatments used. It was used descriptive statistics. Student’s t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-squared were used to identify variables associated with death, and models of adjusted binary logistic regression to propose which variables of the patient’s history, clinical parameters and treatments explained the death.

Results: We treated 5339 patients with suspicion of COVID-19: 3117 positive (59%), 1029 hospitalized due to pneumonia, and 513 deaths (16.46%). For the analysis, 1110 patients were taken, 399 death cases were selected and 357 controls discharged due to improvement. The average age was 57.8 years; 59% were male.

Conclusions: The variables associated with mortality were: patients older than 40 years, chest radiography image > 50% involvement, intubation, lactic dehydrogenase > 500, C-reactive protein > 10, and organ failure; variables associated with improvement were: stay in the intensive care unit, use of broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics, steroids, and use of the anticoagulant enoxyheparin. Sex, diabetes, and comorbidities did not show significant association.

 


Palabras clave


COVID-19, Tratamiento, Neumonía; Letalidad / COVID-19; Treatment; Pneumonia; Mortality

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