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Estresores percibidos asociados a la presencia de burnout en médicos residentes / Perceived stressors associated with the presence of burnout in resident physicians
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: la investigación científica ha reportado diversos estresores que podrían estar relacionados con el desarrollo del burnout en médicos residentes.
Objetivo: identificar los estresores percibidos asociados con burnout en residentes de diversas especialidades médicas en el noroeste de México.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, explicativo y transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Participaron médicos residentes de dos hospitales del sur de Sonora. Se utilizó la Escala de desgaste ocupacional (EDO) y la Lista de chequeo de estresores con intensidad.
Resultados: se incluyeron 189 médicos residentes. El 87% presentó altos niveles de burnout. Específicamente los estresores sobrecarga laboral e insatisfacción laboral tuvieron mayor poder predictivo del agotamiento y la insatisfacción de logro en los médicos residentes. Por dimensiones, los problemas físicos fueron predictores de la dimensión de dolor en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Asimismo, el ejercicio profesional y los problemas físicos predijeron el agotamiento en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Y los problemas físicos fueron predictores para la presencia de depresión.
Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de atender la salud física y mental de los médicos residentes, así como promover ambientes laborales óptimos que tengan un impacto positivo en el bienestar de sus integrantes.
Abstract
Background: Scientific research has reported various stressors that could be related to the development of burnout in resident physicians.
Objective: To identify the perceived stressors associated with burnout in residents of various medical specialties in Mexico’s northwest.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional, explanatory, observational, and analytical study was carried out. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Resident physicians from two hospitals in southern Sonora participated. The Occupational Burnout Scale (OED) and the Stressors Check List with intensity were used.
Results: 189 resident physicians were included. 87% presented high levels of burnout. Specifically, the work overload and job dissatisfaction stressors were the ones with the greatest predictive power of burnout and dissatisfaction with achievement in resident physicians. By dimensions, physical problems were predictors of the pain dimension in the occupational burnout state. Professional exercise and physical problems predicted burnout in occupational burnout state. And physical problems were predictors for the presence of depression.
Conclusions: The data obtained confirm the need to attend physical and mental health of resident doctors, and promote optimal work environments that have a positive impact on the well-being of their members.
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