Resumen
Introducción: la asistencia centrada en el paciente permite mejorar la calidad de atención, disminuye el uso innecesario de los servicios y optimiza costos y calidad de vida y sobrevida en pacientes con cáncer.
Objetivo: comparar la calidad de la atención en pacientes con cáncer de próstata con y sin seguridad social en dos hospitales de oncología de la Ciudad de México.
Material y métodos: se usó información de una encuesta a pacientes con cáncer de próstata del 2019 de dos hospitales de oncología, uno del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) y otro de la Secretaría de Salud (SSA), n = 307. La encuesta incluyó variables sociodemográficas y de calidad de atención desde la perspectiva centrada en el paciente. Se hizo análisis descriptivo y bivariado para comparar la calidad de atención de ambos hospitales mediante chi cuadrada, prueba exacta de Fisher y t de Student.
Resultados: se incluyeron 234 pacientes atendidos en el IMSS y 73 en la SSA; su edad promedio fue 66.6 años. Más del 90% percibieron una atención respetuosa y coordinada e información clara en ambos lugares. Solo 58.9% de pacientes atendidos en SSA recibieron información para la toma de decisiones en contraste con 80.8% de pacientes del IMSS (p = 0.001). Sin embargo, la atención de las necesidades biopsicosociales fue baja en ambos lugares (IMSS: 23.9%, SSA: 13.7%, p = 0.063).
Conclusiones: la calidad de atención centrada en pacientes con cáncer de próstata fue percibida como buena, salvo la atención de necesidades biopsicosociales; dado esto último, se recomienda incorporar un abordaje multidisciplinario en su atención.
Abstract
Background: Patient-centered care model improves quality of care, decreases unnecessary use of services, optimizes costs and quality of life and survival for cancer patients.
Objective: To compare the patient-centered quality of care of prostate cancer patients with and without social security in two oncology hospitals in Mexico City.
Material and methods: The information of the 2019 survey of prostate cancer patients in two oncology hospitals, one from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) and the other from the Ministry of Health (SSA), was analyzed (n = 307). The survey included sociodemographic and patient-centered quality of care variables. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed to compare the quality of care between both hospitals using chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t test.
Results: 234 patients treated at the IMSS and 73 at the SSA were included, with a mean age of 66.6 years. In both hospitals, more than 90% of the patients perceived respectful and coordinated care, as well as clear information. Only 58.9% of patients treated at SSA received information for decision-making, in contrast to 80.8% at IMSS (p = 0.001). Supportive care for biopsychosocial needs was low in both places (IMSS: 23.9%, SSA: 13.7%, p = 0.063).
Conclusions: The quality of care focused on patients with prostate cancer was perceived as good, except in the care of biopsychosocial needs; given the importance of this last aspect, it is recommended a multidisciplinary approach in their care.
Institute Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease Study. Institute Health Metrics and Evaluation. Disponible en: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ [consultado el 27 de junio de 2021].
Núñez C, Angulo J, Sánchez-Chapado M, Alonso S, Portillo JA, Villavicencio H. Variabilidad de la práctica clínica urológica en cáncer de próstata en España. Actas Urol Esp. 2012; 36(6):333-9.
Jayadevappa R, Chhatre S, Johnson JC, Malkowicz SB. Variation in quality of care among older men with localized prostate cancer. Cancer. 2011;117(11):2520-9.
Shaller D. Patient-Centered Care: What Does It Take? Washington DC, USA: Picker Institute, Oxford and The Common-wealth Fund; 2007.
Doubova SV, Terreros-Muñoz E, Delgado-López N, Montaño-Figueroa EH, Infante-Castañeda C, Pérez-Cuevas R. Experiences with health care and health-related quality of life of patients with hematologic malignancies in México. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):1-10.
Liang H, Tao L, Ford EW, Beydoun QA, Eid CM. The patient-centered oncology care on health care utilization and cost: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Care Manage Rev. 2020;45(4):364-76.
An JJ, Lau A. Economic Evaluation of Patient-Centered Care Among Long-Term Cancer Survivors. Am J Manag Care. 2018;24(9):292-9.
Jayadevappa R, Chatre S, Gallo JJ, Wittink M, Morales KH, Lee D, et al. Patient-Centered Preference Assessment to Improve Satisfaction With Care Among Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(12):964-73.
Alessy SA, Luchtenburg M, Davies EA. How have Patients’ Experiences of Cancer Care Been Linked to Survival? A Systematic Review. Patient Exp J. 2019;6(1):63-80. 1
Ayala-de Calvo LE, Sepúlveda-Carrillo GJ. Necesidades de cuidado de pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento ambulatorio. Enferm Glob. 2017;16(45):353-68.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Salud y Seguridad Social. Población total según condición de derechohabiencia. Porcentaje 2020. México: INEGI; 2020 [consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.inegi. org.mx/temas/derechohabiencia/
Doubova SV, Martinez-Vega IP, Infante-Castañeda C, Aranda-Flores CE, Knaul FM, Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas R. Social inequalities in supportive care needs and quality of patient-centered care of cancer patients in Mexico. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(3):1355-67.
Doubova SV, Martínez-Vega IP, Gutiérrez-De la Barrera M, Infante-Castañeda C, Aranda-Flores CE, Monroy A, et al. Psychometric validation of a patient-centered quality of cancer care questionnaire in Mexico. BMJ Open. 2020;10(3):1-11.
Tzelepis F, Sanson-Fisher RW, Hall AE, Carey M, Paul C, Clinton-McHarg T, et al. The quality of patient-centred care: haematological cancer survivors’ perceptions. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):796-803.
15. Doubova SV, Perez-Cuevas R. Supportive care needs and quality of care of patients with lung cancer in México: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2020;49:101857.
Doubova SV, Pérez-Cuevas R. Association of supportive care needs and quality of patient-centered cancer care with depression in women with breast and cervical cancer in Mexico. Psychooncology. 2021;30(4):591-601.
Darwish-Yassine M, Berenji M, Wing D, Copeland G, Demers R , Garlinghouse C, et al. Evaluating long-term patient-centered outcomes following prostate cancer treatment: findings from the Michigan Prostate Cancer Survivor study. J Cancer Surviv. 2014;8(1):121-30.
Ng R, Verkooijen HM, Ooi LL, Koh WP. Unmet psychosocial needs among cancer patients undergoing ambulatory care in Singapore. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1049-56.
Brotzman LE, Crookes DM, Austin JD, Neugut A, Shelton RC. Patient perspectives on treatment decision-making under clinical uncertainty: chemotherapy treatment decisions among stage II colon cancer patients. Transl Behav Med. 2021;ibab040:1-10.
Hwang SS, Chang VT, Cogswell J, Alejandro Y, Osenenko P, Morales E, et al. Study of unmet needs in symptomatic veterans with advanced cancer: incidence, independent predictors and unmet needs outcome model. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004;28(5):421-32.
Osse BHP, Vernooij-Dassen MJFJ, Schadé E, Grol RPTM. The problems experienced by patients with cancer and their needs for palliative care. Support Care Cancer. 2005;13(9): 722-32.
Lam WWT, Au HAY, Wong JHF, Lehman C, Koch U, Fielding R, et al. Unmet supportive care needs: a cross-cultural comparison between Hong Kong Chinese and German Caucasian women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;130(2):531-41.
Christie AJ, Power-James C, Narayanan S, Minxing C, Eddy V, Gómez T, et al. Multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program (IM-FIT) for cancer survivors: implementation of a reimbursable model in a cancer hospital. Support Care Cancer. 2021;5:1-10.
Lopez G, Lacey J, Christie AJ, Powers-James C, Narayanan S, Liu W, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes in Integrative Oncology: Bridging Clinical Care With Research. Cancer J. 2019;25(5):311-5.
Coyotl E, Morales FA, Xicali N, Torres A, Villegas MS, Tenahua I, et al. Relación del apoyo social y la calidad de vida en personas con cáncer. Eur J Health Research. 2015;1(2):51-61.
Vázquez-LLanos A, Díaz-Campos N, Pérez-Rondón Y. Diagnóstico psicosocial para la prevención del cáncer en la atención primaria de salud. Archivo Médico Camagüey. 2919;23(5):1-11.
Hernández M, Cruzado JA. La atención psicológica a pacientes con cáncer: de la evaluación al tratamiento. Clínica y Salud. 2013;24(1):1-9.