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Sintomatología cardiorrespiratoria y neuromusculoesquelética en COVID-19 posagudo en una unidad de rehabilitación / Cardiorespiratory and neuromusculoskeletal symptoms with post-acute COVID-19 in a Rehabilitation center

Clara Lilia Varela-Tapia, Nallely Contreras-Del Carmen, Hermelinda Hernández-Amaro, Ana Luisa Domínguez-Paredes, Daniel Martínez-Barro

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción:  la COVID-19 afecta predominantemente el sistema respiratorio. Sin embargo, se han reportado afecciones extrapulmonares (musculoesqueléticas y cardiovasculares) persistentes.

Objetivo: determinar las sintomatología cardiorrespiratoria y neuromusculoesquelética más frecuente en pacientes con COVID-19 posagudo en una unidad de rehabilitación.

Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, trasversal, descriptivo y analítico de los pacientes de COVID-19 posagudo. Se tomaron datos clínico-demográficos, sintomatología cardiorrespiratoria y neuromusculoesquelética al ingreso al programa de rehabilitación cardiopulmonar. Se utlizó estadística descriptiva y pruebas de asociación a través de la prueba Chi cuadrada, tomando como significativo una p < 0.05.

Resultados: se recolectaron 262 expedientes. La edad fue de 49.9 ± 11.5 años. Hubo predominio del sexo masculino (69.8%). Los síntomas más prevalentes, en los diferentes grados de severidad (leve, moderado, severo y crítico, respectivamente) fueron la disnea en grado 3 (30.4%, 56.8%, 43.1% y 42.9%), debilidad (60.9%, 59.5%, 56.9% y 87.8%), y parestesias (65.2%, 56.8%, 49.7% y 75.5%). La infección por SARS-CoV-2 crítica se asoció a: mayor presentación de debilidad (p < 0.01), parestesias (p = 0.01) y dependencia para las actividades de la vida diaria (p < 0.01).

Conclusiones: la sintomatología cardiorrespiratoria y neuromusculoesquelética más frecuente en pacientes con COVID posagudo fueron la disnea, la debilidad y las parestesias. La infección crítica por SARS-CoV-2 se asoció a mayor presentación de debilidad, parestesias y dependencia para las actividades de la vida diaria.

 

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system. However, persistent extrapulmonary (musculoskeletal and cardiovascular) conditions have been reported.

Objective: To determine the most frequent cardiorespiratory and neuromusculoskeletal symptoms in patients with post-acute COVID 19 in a rehabilitation center.

Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of post-acute COVID-19 patients was carried out. Clinical-demographic data, cardiorespiratory and neuromusculoskeletal symptoms were collected upon admission to the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Descriptive statistics and association tests were used through the Chi squared test, taking p < 0.05 as significant.

Results: 262 files were collected. The age was 49.9 ± 11.5 years. There was a predominance of males (69.8%). The most prevalent symptoms, in the different degrees of severity (mild, moderate, severe and critical, respectively) were MRC 3 dyspnea (30.4%, 56.8%, 43.1% and 42.9%), weakness (60.9%, 59.5%, 56.9 % and 87.8%), and paresthesias (65.2%, 56.8%, 49.7% and 75.5%). SARS-CoV-2 critical infection was associated with a higher presentation of weakness (p < 0.01), paresthesias (p = 0.01), and dependency in activities of daily living (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: The most frequent cardiorespiratory and neuromusculoskeletal symptoms in patients with post-acute COVID were dyspnea and paresthesias. Critical infection by SARS-CoV-2 was associated with a greater presentation of weakness, paresthesias and dependence on activities of daily living.

 


Palabras clave


Infecciones por Coronavirus; Rehabilitación Cardíaca; Disnea; Debilidad Muscular; Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio / Coronavirus Infections; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Dyspnea; Muscle Weakness; Respiratory Tract Infections

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