Resumen
Introducción: las consecuencias de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con inmunodeficiencias primarias (ahora llamadas errores innatos de la inmunidad) o secundarias aún es un tema de debate. Existe en la literatura pocos reportes de pacientes con síndrome de Good e infección por SARS-CoV-2 con desenlaces variables.
Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 51 años de edad con diagnóstico de síndrome de Good en tratamiento con inmunoglobulina humana intravenosa (IGIV) a dosis de sustitución con aplicación cada 21 días y profilaxis para P. jirovecii con trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol por linfopenia profunda a expensas de linfocitos T CD4+, que presentó infección por SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR+) leve, que progresó a neumonía con falla respiratoria aguda y que requirió manejo avanzado de la vía aérea e ingreso a UCI con desenlace fatal por sobreinfección luego de 14 días hospitalizado.
Conclusión: se ha documentado en pacientes con inmunodeficiencias humorales mejor pronóstico por desarrollar síndrome de liberación de citocinas de menor intensidad. La alteración en la inmunidad celular, sobre todo linfopenia a expensas de linfocitos T CD4+, puede estar asociado con un peor pronóstico al verse comprometida la respuesta contra virus, así como la alta susceptibilidad a sobreinfección por agentes oportunistas como P. aeruginosa y Mucor sp. Por esta razón, debemos mantener una estrecha vigilancia en los pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad con defectos celulares como es el caso de los pacientes con síndrome de Good que presenten COVID-19.
Abstract
Background: The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary (now called “inborn errors of immunity”) or secondary immunodeficiencies is still a matter of debate. There are few reports in the literature of patients with Good’s syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection with variable outcomes.
Clinical case: A 51-year-old male with diagnosis of Good’s syndrome treated with intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) at a replacement dose with application every 21 days and prophylaxis for P. jirovecii with trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole due to profound lymphopenia at expense of T CD4+ lymphocytes who presented initially mild disease (RT-PCR+) that progressed to pneumonia with acute respiratory failure and required advanced airway management and admission to the ICU with a fatal outcome due to superinfection after 14 days hospitalized.
Conclusion: It has been documented in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies a better prognosis for developing less intense cytokine release syndrome. The alteration in cellular immunity, especially lymphopenia at the expense of CD4+ T lymphocytes, may be associated with a worse prognosis as the response against viruses is compromised as well as high susceptibility to superinfection by opportunistic agents such as P. aeruginosa and Mucor sp. For this reason, we must maintain close surveillance in patients with inborn errors of immunity with cellular defects, as is the case of patients with Good’s syndrome who present with COVID-19.
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