Resumen
Introducción: los principales factores de riesgo estudiados que tienen influencia sobre la mortalidad por COVID-19 han sido hasta el momento inconclusos en la literatura mundial, principalmente en relación al sexo masculino.
Objetivo: determinar cuáles son los principales factores de riesgo que influyen sobre una mayor mortalidad por COVID-19.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, incluyendo a 1190 pacientes con PCR-RT positiva. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron: sexo, edad, presencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesidad, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), asma, tabaquismo, pacientes con ingesta de inmunosupresores, portadores del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y vacuna de influenza. En el grupo de casos fallecieron por COVID-19 (n = 576), mientras que en el de controles sobrevivieron (n = 614). El plan estadístico incluyó tablas cruzadas y modelo de regresión logística multivariable para determinar la influencia de estos factores de riesgo sobre la mortalidad por COVID-19.
Resultados: no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre casos y controles en relación al sexo. Sin embargo, los casos presentaron: edad > 60 años, HAS, DM y obesidad, en comparación con los controles.
Conclusiones: el sexo masculino no fue factor de riesgo para mortalidad por COVID-19, sin embargo, otros factores de riesgo como edad mayor de 60 años, ser hipertenso, diabético y obeso, sí se corroboraron como tales para una mayor mortalidad por COVID-19.
Abstract
Background: The main risk factors studied that have an influence on mortality from COVID-19 have so far been inconclusive in the world literature, mainly in relation to the male gender.
Objective: To determine which are the main risk factors that influence a higher mortality from COVID-19.
Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 1190 patients with positive RT-PCR. The risk factors studied were: gender, age, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, smoking, immunosuppressants, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), influenza vaccine. In the Group of Cases: they died from COVID-19 (n = 576), while in the Controls group: they survived (n = 614). The statistical plan included cross-tables and multivariate logistic regression model to determine the influence of these risk factors on mortality from COVID-19.
Results: We found no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in relation to gender. However, the cases were aged >60 years, SAH, DM, obesity compared to controls.
Conclusions: Male gender was not a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19, however, other risk factors such as age over 60 years, being hypertensive, diabetic and obese, were corroborated as such for a higher mortality from COVID-19.
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