ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Rabdomiólisis severa asociada a atorvastatina: Reporte de caso / Severe rhabdomyolysis associated with atorvastatin. Case report

Jorge Medina-Romero, Otoniel Toledo-Salinas, Francisco Javier Reyes-Álvarez, Saira Sanjuana Gómez-Flores

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: La dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de ateroesclerosis y cardiopatía isquémica. Las estatinas son fármacos seguros que forman parte del tratamiento de rutina en el paciente con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio (IAM). Sin embargo, la rabdomiólisis asociada a mionecrosis severa por estatinas puede presentarse y las complicaciones asociadas como la lesión renal aguda incrementan la mortalidad. El objetivo principal de este artículo es reportar el caso de un paciente críticamente enfermo con IAM que presentó rabdomiólisis severa asociada a estatinas documentada con biopsia muscular.

Caso clínico:  hombre de 54 años que presentó IAM, choque cardiogénico y paro cardiorrespiratorio, que ameritó reanimación cardiopulmonar, fibrinólisis y angiografía coronaria de rescate exitosa. Sin embargo, presentó rabdomiólisis severa asociada a atorvastatina que requirió de suspensión del fármaco y soporte multiorgánico en una unidad de cuidados coronarios.

Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la rabdomiólisis asociada a estatinas es baja, sin embargo, la elevación tardía de la CPK por arriba de 10 veces su valor superior normal en aquellos pacientes con angiografía coronaria percutánea exitosa debe llamar la atención, generar un abordaje diagnóstico hacia causas adquiridas no traumáticas de rabdomiólisis y valorar la suspensión de estatinión de la estatina.

 

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Statins are safe drugs that are part of the routine treatment in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), however, rhabdomyolysis associated with severe myonecrosis due to statins can occur and associated complications such as acute kidney injury increase mortality. The main objective of this article is to report the case of a critically ill patient with AMI who presented severe statin-associated rhabdomyolysis documented with muscle biopsy.

Description of the case: A 54-year-old man who presented with AMI, cardiogenic shock, and cardiorespiratory arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, fibrinolysis, and successful salvage coronary angiography. However, he presented severe rhabdomyolysis associated with atorvastatin that required suspension of the drug and multi-organ support in a Coronary Care Unit.

Conclusions: The prevalence of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis is low, however, the late elevation of CPK above 10 times its upper normal value in those patients with successful percutaneous coronary angiography should promptly draw attention, generate a diagnostic approach towards non-traumatic acquired causes of rhabdomyolysis and assess the suspension of statins.


Palabras clave


Rabdomiólisis; Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas; Infarto del Miocardio / Rhabdomyolysis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Myocardial Infarction

Texto completo:

PDF

Referencias


Bødtker H, Gunnersen S, Adelborg K, Kulenovic I, Kanstrup H, Falk E, et al. Association between lipid fractions and age of first myocardial infarction. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2020;54(6): 346-351.

Han X, Zhang Y, Yin L, et al. Statin in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(12):e0167.

Navarese EP, Kowalewski M, Andreotti F, et al. Meta-analysis of time-related benefits of statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1753.

Graham DJ, Staffa JA, Shatin D, Andrade SE, Schech SD, La Grenade L, et al. Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. JAMA. 2004;292 (21):2585.

Davidson MH, Clark JA, Glass LM, Kanumalla A. Statin safety: an appraisal from the adverse event reporting system. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(8A):32C-43C. doi: 10.1016/j. amjcard.2005.12.008.

Yang J, Zhou J, Wang X, Wang S, Tang Y, Yang L. Risk factors for severe acute kidney injury among patients with rhabdomyolysis. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:498.

Delgado-Leal L, Álvarez-Camarena B, de la Cruz-Valdivia JM, Hernández-Godínez E, Ramírez-Salazar A. Rabdomiólisis por estatinas: Reporte de un caso fatal y revisión de la literatura. Rev Mex Cardiol. 2012;23(1):27-32.

Olmedo-Alcántara AI, Cobo-Abreu C, Espinoza-Vázquez BJ, Carrillo-Esper R, Fabián-San Miguel MG. Rabdomiólisis secundaria a estatinas. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía. Med Int Mex. 2011;27(6):621-623.

Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL. Statins: pros and cons. Med Clin (Barc). 2018;150(10):398-402.

Marcoff L, Thompson PD. The role of coenzyme Q10 in statin-associated myopathy: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2231-7.

Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39 (2):119-177.

Corbett SJ, Ftouh S, Lewis S, Lovibond K; Guideline Committee. Acute coronary syndromes: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2021;372:m4760.

Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J, Armitage J, Baigent C, Blackwell L, et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet. 2016;388(10059):2532-2561.

Cohen JD, Brinton EA, Ito MK, Jacobson TA. Understanding statin use in America and gaps in patient education (USAGE): an internet-based survey of 10,138 current and former statin users. J Clin Lipidol. 2012;6:208-215.

Chavez LO, Leon M, Einav S, Varon J. Beyond muscle destruction: a systematic review of rhabdomyolysis for clinical practice. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):135.

Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, Vladutiu GD, Raal FJ, Ray KK, et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(17):1012-22.

Abdulrazaq M, Hamdan F, Al-Tameemi W. Electrophysiologic and clinico-pathologic characteristics of statin-induced muscle injury. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015;18(8):737-44.

Sathasivam S, Lecky B. Statin induced myopathy. BMJ. 2008; 337:a2286.

Meng L, Lu Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Lyu H, Yuan Y. The clinical and muscular pathological features of statin-induced myopathy. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2015;54(8):716-20.

Torres PA, Helmstetter JA, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Rhabdomyolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Ochsner J. 2015;15(1):58-69.


Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.