Resumen
Introducción: el linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) es un grupo de tumores malignos de los tejidos linfoides nodales y extranodales, y está asociado a enfermedades autoinmunes, principalmente artritis reumatoide (AR). La presentación extranodal se observa en el 40% y afecta principalmente el tracto gastrointestinal en el 3% de los casos; el sangrado de tubo digestivo es una causa rara de presentación clínica que requiere un abordaje diagnóstico detallado.
Caso clínico: mujer de 55 años con antecedente de AR que ingresó a un servicio de medicina interna por sangrado de tubo digestivo; presentó datos clínicos de trombosis venosa profunda en miembro pélvico izquierdo y síndrome consuntivo en estudio. Durante su abordaje se identificó con infartos esplénicos y hepáticos, así como múltiples conglomerados ganglionares, por lo que se practicó biopsia de ganglio axilar que reportó proliferación neoplásica de células linfoides y aspirado de médula ósea con presencia de infiltración linfoplasmocitaria, con lo que se determinó diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodgkin estadio IV. La paciente fue enviada a un hospital de tercer nivel para inicio de tratamiento.
Conclusiones: este caso nos muestra lo ya descrito en la literatura, por lo que es de fundamental importancia hacer un abordaje integral de los hallazgos clínicos en pacientes con factores de riesgo previamente identificados, con el objetivo de lograr un diagnóstico etiológico que permita una terapéutica temprana para mejorar su sobrevida.
Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a group of malignant tumors of the nodal and extranodal lymphoid tissues, and it is associated with autoimmune diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Extra nodal presentation is observed in 40%, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract in 3% of cases, with bleeding in the digestive tract being a rare cause of clinical presentation that requires a detailed diagnostic approach.
Clinical case: 55-year-old female with a history of RA, admitted to an internal medicine service due to bleeding in the digestive tract; patient presented clinical data of deep vein thrombosis in the left pelvic limb and consumptive syndrome under study. During her approach she was identified with splenic and liver infarctions, as well as multiple lymph node conglomerates, due to which it was performed an axillary lymph node biopsy reporting neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells, and bone marrow aspirate with presence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, with which a diagnosis of stage IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma was made. Patient was sent to a third-level hospital to start treatment.
Conclusions: This case shows us what has already been described in literature, which is why it is of fundamental importance to carry out a comprehensive approach of clinical findings in patients with previously identified risk factors, with the aim of achieving an etiological diagnosis that allows early therapy to improve their survival.
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