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Incidencia de efectos adversos de la vacuna contra COVID-19: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo / Adverse effect incidence of COVID-19 vaccine: Retrospective cohort study

Ana Carolina Martínez-Roa, Lazaro Labra-Rubio, Isette Yunue Landeros-Navarro

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha sido causa de múltiples hospitalizaciones por distrés respiratorio, neumonía, falla multiorgánica y fallecimientos en todo el mundo. El laboratorio de BioNTech/Pfizer fue el primero en conseguir aprobación por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para la aplicación a gran escala de su prototipo de vacuna, comenzando la aplicación en el sector salud. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre los efectos adversos tras la aplicación de dicha vacuna.

Objetivo: evaluar la presencia y el tiempo de inicio de efectos adversos producidos por la vacuna contra COVID-19.

Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, se incluyeron médicos residentes adscritos al Hospital de Especialidades No. 1 del Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, quienes recibieron dos dosis de la vacuna BioNTech/Pfizer y que decidieron participar voluntariamente. Se recabó la información mediante un instrumento de evaluación autoaplicable vía electrónica. Se recolectaron todos los eventos adversos y se hizo énfasis en los descritos en la literatura.

Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 101 médicos residentes. Se observó que el 55.4% presentó efectos secundarios después de la primera dosis, mismos que aparecieron en las primeras 24 horas tras la aplicación. Posterior a la aplicación de la segunda dosis, el 54.5% presentó sintomatología, el 41.6% en las primeras 24 horas posterior a la aplicación.

Conclusiones: se observó la aparición de sintomatología posterior a la aplicación del esquema de vacunación con BioNTech/Pfizer; sin embargo, se trató de síntomas leves de corta duración. 

 

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been the cause of multiple hospitalizations due to respiratory distress, pneumonia, multi-organic failure and death in all the world. The BioNTech/Pfizer lab was the first to get the approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for vaccine application, beginning with health workers. However, there are a few studies about adverse effects after applying the COVID-19 vaccine.

Objective: To assess the presence and time of onset of adverse effects produced by the COVID-19 vaccine.

Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out, including medical residents from the Hospital de Especialidades No. 1 (Specialties Hospital No. 1) from the Bajío National Medical Center, who received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and decided to participate voluntarily. We obtained the information by a self-assessment tool sent via email. All adverse effects were collected emphasizing those described in the literature.

Results: A total of 101 medical residents were included. It was observed that 55.54% presented adverse effects after the first dose, which appeared in the first 24 hours after the vaccine was administered. After the second dose, 54.5% presented symptomatology, 41.6% during first 24 hours after the vaccine was administered.

Conclusions: It was observed symptomatology after applying the complete series (two doses) of BioNTech/Pfizer; however, there were mild and of short duration.


Palabras clave


Inmunogenicidad Vacunal; Infecciones por Coronavirus: Estudios de Cohorte; Vacunación Masiva / Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Coronavirus Infections; Cohort Studies; Mass Vaccination

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