Resumen
Introducción: actualmente no existe ningún tratamiento farmacológico preventivo o terapéutico aprobado para tratar la ototoxicidad causada por el cisplatino. La N-acetilcisteína (NAC) es un antioxidante seguro y de bajo costo que ha sido estudiado como una alternativa otoprotectora.
Objetivo: describir la eficacia de la infiltración intratimpánica de la NAC como prevención y tratamiento de la ototoxicidad generada en pacientes tratados con cisplatino.
Material y métodos: ensayo clínico abierto, longitudinal, prospectivo, aleatorizado, en pacientes con cáncer tratados con cisplatino que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De la muestra de 22 pacientes a 11 se les infiltró NAC intratimpánica y 11 se tomaron como grupo control. Se les realizó audiometría inicial y un mes después a la totalidad de los pacientes.
Resultados: se recabó una muestra de 22 pacientes con edad promedio de 53 (±13). En nuestra muestra de 11 pacientes con infiltración en ambos oídos, un oído mostró mejoría; por otro lado, en el grupo control que no fue infiltrado 4 mostraron aumento en la hipoacusia y pasaron del nivel leve al moderado en los 4 casos, 2 en el oído izquierdo y 2 en el oído derecho (Rho de Spearman = 0.93, p ≤ 0.001). El riesgo relativo fue de 1.22.
Conclusión: se puede observar una asociación de que la NAC intratimpánica pudiera llegar a ser una alternativa para la prevención y el tratamiento de la ototoxicidad inducida por cisplatino.
Abstract
Introduction: Currently there is no approved preventive or therapeutic pharmacological treatment to treat ototoxicity caused by cisplatin. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a safe and inexpensive antioxidant that has been studied as an otoprotective alternative.
Objective: To describe the efficacy of intratympanic infiltration of NAC as prevention and treatment of ototoxicity induced in patients treated with cisplatin.
Material and methods: Open, longitudinal, prospective, randomized clinical trial in cancer patients treated with cisplatin who met the inclusion criteria. Out of the sample of 22 patients, 11 underwent intratympanic NAC infiltration and 11 were taken as a control group. It was performed an audiometry at the beginning and one month after on all patients.
Results: A sample of 22 patients with a mean age of 53 (±13) was collected. In our sample of 11 patients with infiltration in both ears, 1 ear showed improvement; on the other hand, in the control group that was not infiltrated, 4 showed an increase in hearing loss from mild to moderate in all 4 cases, 2 in the left ear and 2 in the right ear (Spearman’s Rho = 0.93, p ≤ 0.001). Relative risk was of 1.22
Conclusions: An association can be observed that intratympanic NAC could become an alternative for the prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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