Resumen
Introducción: las mujeres de edad materna avanzada (mayores de 35 años) tienen más riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas y resultados perinatales adversos que las que tienen menos de esa edad.
Objetivo: conocer las morbilidades materna y perinatal asociadas a edad avanzada en gestantes.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron mujeres con resolución del embarazo en la unidad médica, distribuidas en: grupo 1, edad avanzada, ≥ 35 años, y grupo 2, < 35 años. Se recabaron del expediente datos clínicos, morbilidades maternas y perinatales del recién nacido (RN).
Resultados: se incluyeron 240 pacientes, 120 por grupo; se observó asociación significativa de la edad materna avanzada con morbilidades maternas como enfermedades previas al embarazo (p < 0.0001), como diabetes mellitus durante el embarazo (p = 0.002), enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (p = 0.0001), resolución del embarazo por cesárea (p = 0.04), hemorragia obstétrica (p = 0.0002), control prenatal < 5 consultas (p = 0.008), así como aquellas con morbilidades perinatales del RN: edad gestacional pretérmino (p = 0.001), retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino (p = 0.01), peso bajo para edad gestacional (p = 0.001) e ingreso del RN a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (p = 0.007); con análisis multivariado se observó asociación de edad materna avanzada con diabetes mellitus, enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo y hemorragia obstétrica (R2 = 0.9884; p < 0.0001).
Conclusión: la morbilidad materna y perinatal se asocian a edad avanzada en gestantes.
Abstract
Background: Women in advanced maternal age (older than 35 years of age) are at higher risk of obstetric complications and adverse perinatal outcomes than younger women.
Objective: To know the maternal and perinatal morbidities associated to advanced age in pregnant women.
Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Women with resolution of pregnancy in the medical unit were included and distributed in two groups: group 1, advanced age, ≥ 35 years, and group 2, < 35 years. Clinical data, maternal and perinatal morbidities of the newborn (NB) were collected from the medical record.
Results: We included 240 patients, 120 per group; a significant association of advanced maternal age with maternal morbidities such as diseases prior to pregnancy was demonstrated (p < 0.0001), including diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (p = 0.002), hypertensive disease of pregnancy (p = 0.0001), pregnancy resolution by cesarean section (p = 0.04), obstetric hemorrhage (p = 0.0002), prenatal control with < 5 consultations (p = 0.008), as well as those with perinatal morbidities of the NB: preterm gestational age (p = 0.001), intrauterine growth retardation (p = 0.01), low weight for gestational age (p = 0.001) and admission of the NB to the neonatal intensive care unit (p = 0.007); with multivariate analysis, an association of advanced maternal age with diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease of pregnancy and obstetric hemorrhage was observed (R2 = 0.9884; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The maternal and perinatal morbidities are associated with advanced age in pregnant women.
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