Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus conduce a hipoxia silenciosa, síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (SDRA) y falla orgánica múltiple. El índice de saturación y fracción inspirada de oxígeno se ha relacionado con el grado de daño pulmonar en pacientes con SDRA, por lo que puede ser considerado como una herramienta de vigilancia para la función pulmonar durante la hospitalización y como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19.
Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad del índice saturación y fracción inspirada de oxígeno como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, analítico. Se incluyeron expedientes de pacientes derechohabientes, hombres y mujeres, con diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 que ingresaron al Hospital General Regional No. 2, con expediente completo y registros de saturación y fracción inspirada de oxígeno. Se excluyeron los expedientes de pacientes dependientes de oxígeno suplementario por patología de base que no ameritaron oxígeno suplementario durante su hospitalización, así como aquellos expedientes incompletos y los de pacientes que hayan fallecido por causas no pulmonares.
Resultados: se obtuvo una muestra de 175 expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística incluyendo: edad mayor a 60 años, DM2, HAS, índice de SAFI e intubación endotraqueal.
Conclusiones: el índice de SpO2/FiO2 se puede utilizar para la monitorización continua de la función pulmonar en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19, de manera accesible, fácil y económica. Se obtuvo una relación con mortalidad en pacientes con SpO2/FiO2 menor a 310 asociado a otros factores.
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease leads to silent hypoxia, ARDS, and organ failure. The saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen have been related to the degree of lung damage, can be considered as a monitoring tool for lung function during hospitalization and a predictor of mortality in patients with pneumonia by COVID-19.
Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the oxygen saturation index and fraction of inspired oxygen as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Material and methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, analytical study. Files of eligible patients with a diagnosis of SARSCoV-2 pneumonia were admitted to HGR No.2, complete file, recording of oxygen saturation and inspired fraction of oxygen, were included. Patients dependent on supplemental oxygen, who did not require supplemental oxygen during their hospitalization, incomplete records, patients who have died from non-pulmonary causes, were excluded.
Results: A sample of 175 records of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was obtained. A logistic regression model was performed including: age over 60 years, mellitus diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, SAFI index, and endotracheal intubation.
Conclusion: The SpO2/Fio2 index can be used for continuous monitoring of lung function in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in an accessible, easy and economical way. A relationship with mortality was obtained in patients with SpO2/FiO2 less than 310 associated with other factors.
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