Resumen
Introducción: las neoplasias cardíacas se clasifican en dos grupos: primarias, las cuales se reportan con una incidencia a nivel mundial de 0.0017% a 0.23%, y secundarias, las cuales se presentan hasta en un 40% con mayor frecuencia.
Los mixomas se consideran las neoplasias cardíacas primarias más frecuentes. Se presentan con mayor frecuencia entre la tercera y sexta década de la vida. Se localizan principalmente en la aurícula izquierda. Las manifestaciones clínicas de los mixomas son síntomas constitucionales y datos clínicos de falla cardíaca. El ecocardiograma transtorácico es el estudio de imagen más utilizado para el diagnóstico, la resección quirúrgica con apoyo de bomba de circulación extracorpórea es el tratamiento de elección. Las complicaciones que se pueden presentar durante la cirugía son: embolismos, arritmias y lesiones valvulares.
Caso clínico: se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente mujer de 58 años que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente para resección de mixoma auricular izquierdo.
Conclusiones: los mixomas son patologías que tienen poca incidencia a nivel mundial y nacional por lo cual se debe seguir un manejo anestésico y quirúrgico específico para evitar con ello complicaciones perioperatorias.
Abstract
Background: Cardiac neoplasms are classified in 2 groups: primary, which are reported with a worldwide incidence of 0.0017% to 0.23%, and secondary, which occur up to 40% more frequently. Myxomas are considered the most frequent primary cardiac neoplasms. They occur most frequently between the third and sixth decade of life. They are located mainly in the left atrium. The clinical manifestations of myxomas are constitutional symptoms and clinical signs of heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most widely used imaging study for diagnosis; surgical resection with the support of an extracorporeal circulation pump is the treatment of choice. Complications that can occur during surgery are embolisms, arrhythmias, and valve lesions.
Clinical case: A clinical case of a 58-year-old female patient who underwent surgery for resection of left atrial myxoma is presented.
Conclusions: Myxomas are pathologies that have a low incidence worldwide and nationally, for which a specific anesthetic and surgical management must be followed to avoid perioperative complications.
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