Resumen.
Introducción: la miocardiopatía de Takotsubo (MT) es una forma de miocardiopatía no isquémica. Se caracteriza por la disfunción sistólica regional transitoria del ventrículo izquierdo que imita al infarto agudo de miocardio. El objetivo principal de este artículo es reportar el caso de una paciente con MT asociada al nacimiento anómalo del tronco coronario izquierdo.
Caso clínico: mujer de 76 años que presentó angina típica en reposo, con un electrocardiograma que evidenció cambios dinámicos en la onda T y elevación de biomarcadores. La coronariografía evidenció a las arterias coronarias epicárdicas sin lesiones significativas y el nacimiento anómalo del tronco coronario izquierdo proveniente del segmento proximal de la arteria coronaria derecha. La paciente evolucionó de manera favorable y el ecocardiograma transtorácico no mostró trastornos en la movilidad a los tres meses del evento.
Conclusiones: la MT y el nacimiento anómalo de las arterias coronarias son enfermedades raras cuya presentación simultánea es extraordinaria. El diagnóstico de ambas entidades clínicas se realiza mediante la coronariografía y el ecocardiograma, y su tratamiento es similar al de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. El nacimiento anómalo del tronco coronario izquierdo con cruce retroaórtico que alcanza el sitio contralateral tiene un buen pronóstico y se debe realizar seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico a las cuatro semanas del inicio del padecimiento.
Abstract
Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TM) is a form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by transient regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle that mimics acute myocardial infarction. The main objective of this article is to report the case of a patient with TM associated with abnormal birth of the left coronary trunk.
Clinic case: A 76-year-old woman with typical angina at rest, with an electrocardiogram that showed dynamic changes in the T wave and elevation of biomarkers. Coronary angiography showed epicardial coronary arteries without significant lesions and abnormal birth of the left coronary trunk from the proximal segment of the right coronary artery. The patient progressed favorably, and the transthoracic echocardiogram showed no mobility disorders 3 months after the event.
Conclusions: TM and abnormal birth of the coronary arteries are rare diseases whose simultaneous presentation is extraordinary. The diagnosis of both clinical entities is made by coronary angiography and echocardiogram, and their treatment is similar to that of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Abnormal birth of the left coronary trunk with retroaortic switch reaching the contralateral site has a good clinical prognosis and echocardiographic follow-up should be performed 4 weeks after the onset of the condition.
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