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Asociación entre aborto inducido y depresión: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Association between induced abortion and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nadia Jenniffer Stefany Montoya-Gambini, Jessica Jennifer Apaza-García, Oscar Fausto Munares-García

Resumen


Resumen

El presente artículo es una revisión sistemática (RS) y metaanálisis (MA) cuyo objetivo fue identificar la asociación entre el aborto inducido y el desarrollo de depresión, con base en los lineamientos Cochrane para RS. Se hizo la búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos WoS, PubMed y Scopus. Se incluyeron estudios de cohorte retrospectivos y prospectivos, hasta noviembre de 2020, que evaluaron una población de mujeres en edad fértil (12 a 46 años) con al menos un aborto inducido o provocado, incluido el aborto farmacológico y el quirúrgico. Solo se incluyeron estudios con mujeres sanas al inicio de la investigación, es decir, con ausencia de patología psiquiátrica previa al aborto inducido. La calidad de los estudios incluidos se midió con la Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) y para el MA se especificaron modelos de efectos aleatorios con el método de DerSimonian & Laird y se agruparon en seguimiento posterior al aborto antes y después de un año. Los resultados de la RS fueron medidos con riesgo relativo (RR), hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR) y la prueba de chi cuadrado, que valoraron la intensidad de la relación estadística entre la población y la exposición. La RS demostró un OR 1.38 (IC 95% 1.14-1.68) de depresión tras el aborto inducido. El MA demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la depresión y el aborto inducido cuando se hizo la evaluación posterior a un año OR: 1.37 (IC 95% 1.09-1.71). Se deberían investigar y advertir los riesgos, daños y consecuencias en la salud mental, como la depresión, tras el aborto inducido.

 

Abstract

This article is a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) whose objective was to identify the association between induced abortion and the development of depression, based on the Cochrane guidelines for SRs. A systematic search was carried out in the WoS, PubMed and Scopus databases. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies, carried out until November 2020, that evaluated a population of women in childbearing age (12 to 46 years) with at least 1 induced and/or provoked abortion, including pharmacological and surgical abortion. Only studies with healthy women at the beginning of the research were included, i.e., with absence of psychiatric pathology prior to induced abortion. The quality of the included studies was measured with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and for the MA random-effects models were specified using the DerSimonian & Laird method, grouping them into follow-up after abortion before and after one year. The results of the SR were measured with relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and the chi-square test, which assessed the intensity of the statistical relationship between population and exposure. Systematic review demonstrated an OR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.14-1.68) of depression after induced abortion. Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between depression and induced abortion when the assessment after one year was performed OR: 1.37 (95% CI 1.09-1.71). The risks, harms and mental health consequences of induced abortion, such as depression, should be investigated and warned.


Palabras clave


Aborto Inducido; Depresión; Metaanálisis / Induced Abortion; Depression; Meta-Analysis

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Referencias


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