Resumen
Introducción: la anestesia espinal puede presentar diversas complicaciones, entre las que la rotura de una aguja espinal dentro del espacio intratecal es una de las menos frecuentes y es potencialmente seria. Se presenta un caso de rotura de aguja espinal, se señalan sus factores de riesgo y las recomendaciones para hacer que su incidencia disminuya.
Caso clínico: paciente mujer de 25 años que se programó para retiro de dispositivo intrauterino traslocado causante de dolor crónico. Al intentar un bloqueo espinal, se retiró el estilete de la aguja y se direccionó hacia el espacio subaracnoideo. A la extracción, se observó la aguja espinal deformada y acortada. De forma inmediata y con fluoroscopía y con anestesia local, se hizo sin complicaciones la extracción del fragmento roto. La anestesia regional es muy utilizada en mujeres embarazadas, pues se considera segura. Sin embargo, hay factores que aumentan la probabilidad de que se produzca una rotura de aguja espinal (obesidad, embarazo, procedimientos de urgencias, incorrecta manipulación de la aguja espinal, etcétera). Aun así, hay diversas recomendaciones (uso de ultrasonido, la adecuada manipulación de la aguja, disminuir el número de intentos, etcétera) con las que se puede disminuir el riesgo de rotura de aguja espinal.
Conclusión: se deben identificar los factores de riesgo de rotura de aguja espinal para disminuir su incidencia.
Abstract
Background: Spinal anesthesia can present various complications, one of which is the breakage of a spinal needle within the intrathecal space, which is one of the least frequent complications and it may be serious. A case of spinal needle breakage is presented, pointing out its risk factors and recommendations to reduce it.
Clinical case: 25-year-old female patient, who was scheduled for removal of translocated intrauterine device causing chronic pain. When attempting a spinal anesthesia, stylet was removed from the needle and directed into the subarachnoid space. Upon extraction, the spinal needle was deformed and shortened. Immediately and with fluoroscopy and local anesthesia, the broken fragment was extracted without complications. Regional anesthesia is widely used in pregnant women, as it is considered safe. However, there are factors that increase the probability of a spinal needle breakage (obesity, pregnancy, emergency procedures, incorrect handling of the spinal needle, etc.). Even so, there are various recommendations (use of ultrasound, proper handling of the needle, reducing the number of attempts, etc.) that can reduce the risk of spinal needle breakage.
Conclusion: Risk factors for spinal needle breakage should be identified, in order to decrease its incidence.
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