Resumen
Introducción: la neuropatía craneal múltiple (NCM) es la disfunción de 2 o más nervios del cráneo, contiguos o no. Las etiologías asociadas son la tumoral, las causas vasculares, traumáticas, las infecciones de sistema nervioso central y el síndrome de Guillain-Barré.
Objetivo: identificar el perfil clínico-radiológico de la NCM en pacientes de un hospital de tercer nivel.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico en pacientes > 18 años de edad, con diagnóstico de NCM. Se usó estadística descriptiva y curvas de normalidad. Para establecer diferencias, se empleó chi cuadrada o t de Student con el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 29.
Resultados: se estudiaron 46 pacientes, con una media de edad de 49 años (± 16). Fueron hombres 29 (63%). La resonancia magnética de cráneo fue normal en 34%; el reforzamiento del seno cavernoso en 26%. La etiología más común fue la inflamatoria no infecciosa (43%). En 83% de la etiología inflamatoria hubo mejoría al egreso y los de etiología no inflamatoria sin mejoría (razón de momios [RM] 8, p 0.001). En 87% hubo dolor en su cuadro clínico a diferencia de los sujetos con etiología no inflamatoria (RM 4, p < 0.01). El 73% de etiología inflamatoria presentaron recurrencia y ninguno de los sujetos de causa no inflamatoria (RM 0.5, p 0.022).
Conclusión: la presentación más común de NCM en nuestro estudio fue la de síndrome de seno cavernoso o hendidura esfenoidal, con una evolución no aguda. La posibilidad de documentar etiología inflamatoria impacta en el riesgo de recurrencia y de mejoría al egreso hospitalario.
Abstract
Background: Multiple cranial neuropathies (MCN) are the dysfunction of 2 or more cranial nerves, simultaneously or sequentially. The most common causes are tumors, followed by vascular and traumatic causes, central nervous system infections and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Objective: To identify the radiological clinical profile of MCN in patients of a tertiary-care hospital.
Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study in patients of 18 years of age or older, with a diagnosis of MCN. It was used descriptive statistics, and normality curves were determined. To establish differences, it was used chi-squared or Student’s t test with the statistical package SPSS, version 29.
Results: 46 patients with a mean age 49 years (± 16) were studied. 29 (63%) were male. Findings in the magnetic resonance of the skull were normal in 34%; the reinforcement of the cavernous sinus in 26%. Non-infectious inflammatory was the most frequent etiology (43%). 83% of the inflammatory etiology presented improvement at discharge while those of non-inflammatory etiology were discharged without improvement (odds ratio [OR] 8, p 0.001). 87% had pain in their clinical picture unlike subjects with non-inflammatory etiology (OR 4, p < 0.01). 73% of the population with inflammatory etiology presented recurrence, and none of the subjects with a non-inflammatory cause (OR 0.5, p 0.022).
Conclusions: The most common presentation of MCN in our study was cavernous sinus syndrome or sphenoidal cleft, with a non-acute course. The possibility of documenting an inflammatory etiology impacts the risk of recurrence and improvement upon hospital discharge.
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