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Prevalencia y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de Klebsiella pneumoniae en un Hospital de Cardiología / Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Cardiology Hospital
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: la aparición mundial de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) multidrogorresistente es un problema de salud pública cada vez mayor para los países en desarrollo, como México. El conocimiento del escenario actual de prevalencia y resistencia antimicrobiana ayudará en el desarrollo de una política de uso de antibióticos para infecciones por KP.
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de KP BLEE y KP no BLEE, así como su perfil de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos a partir de aislamientos de pacientes con infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria (IAAS) en un hospital de cardiología de tercer nivel.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional transversal descriptivo, se llevó a cabo en instalaciones del Hospital de Cardiología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, se estudiaron todos los aislamientos de KP durante el periodo 2020 a 2023.
Resultados: de 1967 casos de IAAS, el 9.5% fueron aislamientos de KP, el 49% fueron KP BLEE y el 51% fueron KP no BLEE. En el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana acumulada de KP BLEE se encontró una buena sensibilidad a amikacina, ertapenem y meropenem; para KP no BLEE se encontró una buena sensibilidad a amikacina, ertapenem, meropenem, cefalosporinas de tercera y cuarta generación.
Conclusiones: el monitoreo de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana apoyará al médico tratante a tomar la mejor decisión para el tratamiento de estas infecciones, pues el uso imprudente de antibióticos ha hecho que hoy en día varias bacterias se vuelvan resistentes a estos.
Abstract
Background: The worldwide appearance of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) strains is a growing public health problem for developing countries such as Mexico. Knowledge of the current scenario of antimicrobial prevalence and resistance will help in the development of an antibiotic use policy for KP infections.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of KP ESBL and non-ESBL KP, as well as their profile of susceptibility to antimicrobials from isolates from patients with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a Third Level Cardiology Hospital.
Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study, was carried out in the facilities of the Hospital de Cardiología CMN SXXI, all KP isolates were studied during the period 2020 to 2023.
Results: Of 1967 HAI cases, 9.5% were KP isolates, 49% were ESBL KP, and 51% were non-ESBL KP. In the cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility profile of KP ESBL, good sensitivity to amikacin, ertapenem, and meropenem was found; for non-ESBL KP, good sensitivity to amikacin, ertapenem, meropenem, and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins was found.
Conclusions: Monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility will support the treating physician in making the best decision for the treatment of these infections, since the imprudent use of antibiotics has made several bacteria become resistant to them today.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.10790437
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