Resumen
Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha modificado varios aspectos de la atención médica, lo que ha dado lugar a un cambio en el perfil de las visitas al Servicio de Urgencias médico-quirúrgicas.
Objetivo: comparar el número y los motivos de consulta relacionados con la especialidad de Otorrinolaringología en el Departamento de Urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención, en los periodos definidos como pre-COVID-19 (del 13 de marzo de 2019 al 12 de marzo de 2020) y COVID-19 (del 13 de marzo de 2020 al 13 de marzo de 2021).
Material y métodos: se condujo un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico. Incluyó a 2409 pacientes, de los cuales 1764 pertenecieron al periodo pre-COVID-19 y 645 al COVID-19. Se estimó la razón de momios (RM) para la asociación entre el periodo de presentación y el tipo de urgencia.
Resultados: pudimos observar un aumento en las consultas por epistaxis (de 19.16 a 26.82%), seguido por atención de traqueostomía (de 3.17 a 5.89%), estenosis laringotraqueal (de 0.96 a 2.5%) y otalgia (de 4.47 a 6.67%), durante el periodo COVID-19. Del mismo modo, se presentó un incremento en la proporción de urgencias reales durante el periodo de COVID-19.
Conclusiones: en total se presentó una disminución del 63% en el número de consultas otorrinolaringológicas urgentes durante el periodo COVID-19, con un aumento importante en el número de atenciones secundarias a epistaxis, cuidados de traqueostomía, estenosis laringotraqueal y un porcentaje importante en atención de patología cocleovestibular.
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has modified several aspects of medical care, resulting in a change in the profile of visits to the Emergency Department.
Objective: To compare the number and reasons for consultation related to the specialty of Otolaryngology in the Emergency Department of a tertiary-care hospital, in the periods defined as: pre-COVID-19 (from March 13, 2019, to March 12, 2020) and COVID-19 (from March 13, 2020, to March 13, 2021).
Material and methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted. It included 2409 patients, out of which 1764 belonged to the pre-COVID-19 period and 645 to the COVID-19 period. Odds ratios were estimated for the association between the period of presentation and the type of emergency.
Results: We observed an increase in consultations for epistaxis (from 19.16 to 26.82%), followed by tracheostomy care (from 3.17 to 5.89%), laryngotracheal stenosis (from 0.96 to 2.5%) and otalgia (from 4.47 to 6.67%), during the COVID-19 period. Similarly, there was an increase in the proportion of actual emergencies during the COVID-19 period.
Conclusions: Overall, there was a 63% of decrease in the number of urgent Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) consultations during the COVID-19 period, with a significant increase in the number of attendances secondary to epistaxis, tracheostomy care, laryngotracheal stenosis and a significant percentage in cochleovestibular pathology care.
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