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Los bloqueadores β-1 adrenérgicos reducen la respuesta a estímulos dolorosos en neuronas de amplio rango dinámico de la médula espinal en ratas
Resumen
Introducción: la epinefrina/norepinefrina inhibe la transmisión del dolor agudo; empero, no es claro el papel de los receptores β-adrenérgicos. Por tanto, analizamos si los fármacos de estos receptores modulan la transmisión del dolor agudo mediante registro electrofisiológico unitario extracelular in vivo durante estimulación periférica dolorosa y no dolorosa en ratas.
Métodos: estudio longitudinal en el que se cotejaron siete grupos de ratas: control (n = 11): solución salina (0,9 %); EPI (n = 8): 100 mcg epinefrina; AGOβ1 (n = 8): 125 mcg dobutamina; ANTβ1 (n = 9): 100 mcg metoprolol; AGOβ2 (n = 7): 100 mcg clembuterol; ANTβ2 (n = 8): butoxamina 100 mcg; ANTβ1 + EPI (n = 10): 100 mcg metoprolol + 100 mcg epinefrina. Se hizo análisis estadístico por medio de ANOVA.
Resultados: La epinefrina redujo significativamente la tasa de disparo basal (RDB) en 34.1 % (p < 0.05) y la respuesta evocada por la estimulación dolorosa en 56 % (p < 0.05). No hubo cambios en la respuesta provocada por la falta de estimulación dolorosa. El ANTβ1 fue el único fármaco con acción β-adrenérgica que redujo significativamente la respuesta evocada por la estimulación dolorosa en 41 % (p < 0.05).
Conclusión: por primera vez un antagonista de los receptores β1-adrenérgicos (metoprolol) prueba ser eficaz en la reducción de la respuesta a la estimulación dolorosa en las neuronas ARD.
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