Resumen
Introducción: la violencia de género (VG) es un problema ampliamente subestimado en países de ingreso económico medio. A pesar de su existencia documentada, se desconoce la frecuencia y la percepción de la VG en primer nivel de atención. Comprender esto es crucial para el desarrollo estrategias de intervención que puedan mitigar el impacto de la VG en estas comunidades.
Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y percepción de VG en mujeres de una clínica de atención primaria del norte de México.
Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal tipo encuesta en mujeres adultas derechohabientes de una unidad de medicina familiar. Se recopilaron datos demográficos y se utilizó el cuestionario VIDOFyP (Violencia doméstica: frecuencia y percepción) para evaluar la frecuencia y la percepción de VG en distintos dominios. Se compararon estadísticamente los resultados según variables demográficas con el programa JASP.
Resultados: se encuestaron 385 mujeres con edad promedio de 44.2 años. La violencia social fue la más frecuente, seguida de la psicológica y económica. La percepción de gravedad fue mayor para la violencia física. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de violencia según el estado civil y fueron las mujeres separadas las que reportaron niveles más altos en varios dominios.
Conclusiones: se debe abordar la VG en diferentes dominios, especialmente en contextos de separación. Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa para desarrollar intervenciones y políticas dirigidas a la prevención y el apoyo a mujeres en situaciones vulnerables.
Abstract
Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widely underestimated issue in middle-income countries. Despite the fact that there is documented evidence of its existence, it is unknown the frequency and perception of GBV in primary care. Understanding this is crucial for the development of intervention strategies that can mitigate the impact of GBV in these communities.
Objective: To determine the frequency and perception of GBV in women attending a primary care clinic in the North of Mexico.
Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted on female adults, beneficiaries from a family medical unit. Demographic data were collected, and the VIDOFyP questionnaire (Domestic Violence: Frequency and Perception Inventory) was used to assess the frequency and perception of GBV in different domains. Results were compared according to demographic variables, using the JASP software.
Results: A total of 385 women with an average age of 44.2 years were surveyed. Social violence was the most common, followed by psychological and economic violence. The perception of severity was highest for physical violence. Significant differences in the perception of violence were found based on marital status, with separated women reporting higher levels in various domains.
Conclusions: GBV must be addressed in different domains, especially in separation contexts. The results provide valuable information for developing interventions and policies aimed at preventing and supporting women in vulnerable situations.
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