Resumen
Introducción: el grado de satisfacción es un indicador de la calidad de la atención sanitaria. Su medición permite comprender las fortalezas y debilidades asociadas al procedimiento anestésico y mejorar la calidad del servicio.
Objetivo: evaluar la validez y consistencia de una nueva escala rápida de satisfacción del paciente en el procedimiento anestésico.
Material y métodos: estudio comparativo, longitudinal en pacientes posanestésicos. Constó de dos fases, fase 1: elaboración de una escala rápida tipo Likert para evaluar la satisfacción del paciente posanestésico, la cual se sometió a pruebas piloto en pacientes para evaluar la redacción hasta lograr 2 rondas consecutivas. Fase 2: se aplicó el instrumento diseñado (ERSAPA) y el cuestionario de control (LPPSq) a pacientes después de su egreso de la Unidad de Cuidados Posanestésicos, 10 minutos posteriores a su ingreso a piso de hospitalización. Se utilizó alfa de Cronbach para evaluar la consistencia interna entre ambas pruebas, coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) para consistencia intraevaluador y rho de Spearman para validez convergente.
Resultados: se encuestaron 250 pacientes. Se obtuvo una satisfacción global en el 82.46% de la población. El dominio con mayor aprobación fue atención en la consulta preanestésica. La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) fue 0.84, con una validez convergente de Spearman de 0.719 (p = 0.001) y un análisis de consistencia intraobservacional por CCI de 0.945 (p = 0.001).
Conclusiones: la escala ERSAPA es consistente y válida para evaluar la satisfacción del paciente en el Servicio de Anestesiología.
Abstract
Background: The degree of satisfaction is an indicator of the quality of health care. Its measurement allows to understand the strengths and weaknesses associated with the anesthesia procedure and to improve the quality of service.
Objective: To evaluate the validity and consistency of a new rapid scale of patient satisfaction with the anesthetic procedure.
Material and methods: Comparative, longitudinal study in patients in post-anesthetic care. It consisted of two phases: Phase 1: Development of a Likert-type rapid scale to assess post-anesthesia patient satisfaction. Patients were pilot tested to evaluate the wording until 2 consecutive rounds were achieved. Phase 2: The developed instrument (ERSAPA according to its initials in Spanish) and the control questionnaire (LPPSq) were administered to patients after their discharge from the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency between both tests, and Sperman's rho for convergent validity.
Results: A total of 250 patients were surveyed. An overall satisfaction was achieved in 82.46% of the population. The domain with the highest agreement was pre-anesthesia consultation care. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.84, with a Spearman's convergent validity of 0.719 (p = 0.001), and an intra-observer reliability analysis by intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945 (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: The ERSAPA scale is consistent and valid for assessing patient satisfaction in the Anesthesia Service.
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