ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Resultados quirúrgicos en pacientes con cáncer esofágico en un centro de tercer nivel / Surgical outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer in a third level center

Edgar Joaquín Cortes-Torres, Miguel Angel Reyna-Silva, Alejandro González-Ojeda, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco, Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Ana Guadalupe Sánchez-Luna, Kathia Dayana Morfín-Meza, Andrea Garcia

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el cáncer esofágico es la séptima neoplasia más diagnosticada, siendo los hombres quienes presentan una mayor prevalencia. El consumo de tabaco, alcohol, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico y el esófago de Barrett se asocian al desarrollo de adenocarcinoma y carcinoma de células escamosas.

Objetivo: identificar los resultados quirúrgicos en pacientes con cáncer esofágico en un centro de tercer nivel.

Material y métodos: estudio transversal y observacional. Se evaluaron pacientes con cáncer de esófago entre enero de 2014 y julio de 2019. Las variables de estudio fueron: sexo, edad, tipo histológico, complicaciones posquirúrgicas, mortalidad y sobrevida.

Resultados: se evaluaron 34 pacientes, con edad promedio de 61.8 ± 8.9 años. El 88.2% eran hombres. La localización del tumor fue: tercio inferior (76.5%), tercio medio (17.6%) y tercio superior (5.9%). El tipo histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma (67.6%) y carcinoma de células escamosas (32.4%). La sintomatología fue: disfagia en 34 (100%) y epigastralgia en 20 (58.8%). Los tipos de cirugía realizados fueron: transhiatal en 15 (44.1%), paliativa en 15 (44.1%), Ivor Lewis en 1 (2.9%) y McKeown en 1 (2.9%). Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas incluyeron: respiratorias (29.4%), fuga de anastomosis (20.6%), sepsis (11.8%) y fístula (2.9%). La mortalidad fue de 13 (38.2%) pacientes y la sobrevida a los 22 meses fue del 22%.

Conclusiones: nuestro estudio evidenció una mayor prevalencia de cáncer esofágico en hombres mayores de 60 años con adenocarcinoma localizado en el tercio inferior del esófago. A pesar del tratamiento quimioterapéutico, la sobrevida de los pacientes continúa siendo de mal pronóstico debido a que el diagnóstico tardío, en estados avanzados de la enfermedad, limita la operabilidad y resecabilidad de los tumores, lo que incrementa la mortalidad.

 

Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancer is the seventh most diagnosed neoplasm, with a higher prevalence in men. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett's esophagus are associated with the development of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To identify the clinical profile in patients with esophageal cancer at a tertiary care center.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study. Patients with esophageal cancer were evaluated between January 2014 and July 2019. The study variables included sex, age, histological type, postoperative complications, mortality, and survival.

Results: A total of 34 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 61.8 ± 8.9 years. 88.2% were men. Tumor location was as follows: lower third (76.5%), middle third (17.6%), and upper third (5.9%). The most common histological types were adenocarcinoma (67.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma (32.4%). Symptoms included: dysphagia in 34 (100%) and epigastric pain in 20 (58.8%). The types of surgeries performed were: transhiatal in 15 (44.1%), palliative in 15 (44.1%), Ivor Lewis in 1 (2.9%), and McKeown in 1 (2.9%). Postoperative complications included: respiratory (29.4%), anastomotic leak (20.6%), sepsis (11.8%), and fistula (2.9%). Mortality was 13 (38.2%) patients, and survival at 22 months was 22%.

Conclusions: Our study showed a higher prevalence of esophageal cancer in men over 60 years old with adenocarcinoma localized in the lower third of the esophagus. Despite chemotherapy treatment, patient survival remains poor due to late diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease, which limits tumor resectability and operability, leading to increased mortality.


Palabras clave


Enfermedades Gastrointestinales; Neoplasias Esofágicas; Esofagectomía; Adenocarcinoma Esofágico / Gastrointestinal Diseases; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Texto completo:

PDF

Referencias


Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209-249. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

Huang J, Koulaouzidis A, Marlicz W, et al. Global Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Esophageal Cancer: An Analysis of Cancer Registries from 48 Countries. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(1):141. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010141

[INEGI (2015). Estadísticas de Mortalidad. Cubos dinámicos; y CONAPO (2015). Proyecciones de la Población 2010-2050.

Morgan E, Soerjomataram I, Rumgay H, et al. The Global Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in 2020 and Projections to 2040: New Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(3):649-658.e2. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.054

Qin X, Jia G, Zhou X, et al. Diet and Esophageal Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(6):2207-2216. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac087

Katada C, Yokoyama T, Yano T, et al. Drinking alcohol, smoking, multiple dysplastic lesions and the risk of field cancerization of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus and head and neck region. Annals of Oncology. 2019;30(6):296. Disponible en:  https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz247.091

Tarazi M, Chidambaram S, Markar S. Risk Factors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma beyond Alcohol and Smoking. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(5):1009. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051009

Uhlenhopp DJ, Then EO, Sunkara T, et al. Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: update in global trends, etiology and risk factors. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2020;13(6):1010-1021. Disponible en: doi:10.1007/s12328-020-01237-x

Yang J, Liu X, Cao S, et al. Understanding Esophageal Cancer: The Challenges and Opportunities for the Next Decade. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1727. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01727

Li N, Sohal D. Current state of the art: immunotherapy in esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2023;72(12):3939-3952. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-023-03566-5

Batra R, Malhotra GK, Singh S, et al. Managing Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2019;99(3):529-541. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.02.006

DiSiena M, Perelman A, Birk J, et al. Esophageal Cancer: An Updated Review. South Med J. 2021;114(3):161-168. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.02.006

Li S, Xie K, Xiao X, et al. Correlation between sarcopenia and esophageal cancer: a narrative review. World J Surg Oncol. 2024;22(1):27. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03304-w

He S, Xu J, Liu X, et al.  Advances and challenges in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 2021;11(11):3379-3392. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.008

Ohkura Y, Miyata H, Konno H, et al. Development of a model predicting the risk of eight major postoperative complications after esophagectomy based on 10 826 cases in the Japan National Clinical Database. J Surg Oncol. 2020;121(2):313-321. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25800

Watanabe M, Otake R, Kozuki R, et al. Recent progress in multidisciplinary treatment for patients with esophageal cancer [published correction appears in Surg Today. 2020;50(1):12-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-019-01878-7

Peng J, Kukar M, Mann G, et al. Minimally Invasive Esophageal Cancer Surgery. Surgical oncology clinics of North America. 2019;28(2):177-200. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2018.11.009

Xing H, Hu M, Wang Z, et al. Shortterm outcomes of Ivor Lewis vs. McKeown esophagectomy: A meta-analysis. Front. Surg. 2022;9:950108. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.950108

Zhang T, Hou X, Li Y, et al. Effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis and McKeown esophagectomy in Chinese patients with stage IA–IIIB esophageal squamous cell cancer: a multicentre, non-interventional and observational study. Interact Cardio Vasc Thorac Surg. 2020;30(6):812-819. Disponible en:  https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa038

Takahashi C, Shridhar R, Huston J, et al. Comparative outcomes of transthoracic versus transhiatal esophagectomy. Surgery. 2021;170(1):263-270. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-022-01875-7

Soltani E, Mahmoodzadeh H, Jabbari Nooghabi A, et al. Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal SCC: outcomes and complications. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022;17(1):150. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-022-01912-9

Ohkura Y, Shindoh J, Ichikura K, et al. Perioperative risk factors of psychological distress in patients undergoing treatment for esophageal cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):326. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-020-02092-3

D’Journo XB, Boulate D, Fourdrain A, et al. Risk Prediction Model of 90-Day Mortality After Esophagectomy for Cancer. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(9):836-845. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2021.2376

Watanabe M, Toh Y, Ishihara R, et al. Comprehensive registry of esophageal cancer in Japan, 2015. Esophagus. 2023;20(1):1-28. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-022-00950-5

López P, Alberdi N, Fuertes I, et al. An updated review of the TNM classification system for cancer of the oesophagus and its complications. Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2021;63(5):445-455. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.09.004




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.14616876

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.