Resumen
Introducción: se ha demostrado que el SARS-CoV-2 está asociado con la activación de la inmunidad innata, observándose un aumento de neutrófilos, fagocitos mononucleares y células asesinas naturales, así como una disminución de las células T. El interferón desempeña papeles importantes para restringir los virus y es crucial porque participa tanto en la inmunidad innata como en la adaptativa. El interferón gamma (IFN-γ) es una citocina que cumple un papel fundamental para mantener la homeostasis del organismo, tanto in vitro como in vivo.
Objetivo: se realizó un estudio inmunológico en el que se midieron las concentraciones de IFN-γ en pacientes graves positivos a SARS-CoV-2.
Material y métodos: se trabajaron alrededor de 500 muestras de suero de pacientes con comorbilidad respiratoria similar al inicio de la enfermedad, utilizando como controles a pacientes sanos. Los sueros de las personas positivas a SARS-CoV-2 se procesaron mediante la técnica de ELISA. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos consistió en construir una base de datos con las absorbancias, que luego se transformaron en concentraciones en pg/ml.
Resultados: podemos inferir que la cantidad de expresión de IFN-γ depende de las condiciones del paciente: entre más grave esté el paciente, mayor es la cantidad de expresión de esta citocina, con niveles basales que varían de 0 a 0.5 μg/ml.
Conclusión: se sugiere que la respuesta de IFN-γ es una parte importante para el control de la enfermedad. Se recomiendan terapias eficaces en el tratamiento de la COVID-19, las cuales conducirán a la implementación de enfoques terapéuticos que apunten a contrarrestar el sistema inmunológico, especialmente en las formas más graves de la enfermedad.
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the activation of innate immunity, with an observed increase in neutrophils, mononuclear phagocytes, and natural killer cells, as well as a decrease in T cells. Interferon plays important roles in restricting viruses and is crucial because it participates in both innate and adaptive immunity. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that plays a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis in the body, both in vitro and in vivo.
Objective: An immunological study was conducted to measure the concentrations of IFN-γ in severe SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.
Material and methods: Around 500 sera from patients with similar respiratory comorbidities at the onset of the disease were analyzed, using healthy patients as controls. The sera from SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were processed using the ELISA technique, and the statistical treatment of the data involved creating a database with the absorbance readings, which were then converted into concentrations in pg/ml.
Results: We can infer that the amount of IFN-γ expression depends on the patient's condition; the more severe the patient's condition, the higher the expression of this cytokine compared to their baseline levels, ranging from 0 to 0.5 μg/ml.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the IFN-γ response plays an important role in controlling the disease, and effective therapies are recommended for the treatment of Covid-19, which will lead to the implementation of therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting the immune system, especially in the more severe forms of the disease.
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